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Academic scientism
The academic influence was the result of systematic and somewhat effective efforts of the colleges to shape the curriculum for basic education. The scientific influence resulted from the attemps of educational theorists to use newely developed scientific knowledge in making decisions about the content of the curriculum. -
Francis Parker "The Father of Progressive Education"
He is significant for his contributions to both pedagogy and curriculum development. In his Talks on Pedagogics he argued for a child-centered curriculum that builds on what the child instinctively knows. -
John Dewey
The relationship of school and society are fundamental to his theories of the curriculum. Democracy was the ideal society. -
Carnegie Unit Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
Its purpose was to afford a standard of measurement for the work done in secondary schools. -
Democracy and Education
In this book Dewey pointed out that such a society needed schools for more than the superficial reason. -
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Progressive Functionalism
Was characterized by the confluence of two convergent views: the progressive, child-centered orientation of the followers of John Dewey, and the functional orientation of curriculum scientists. -
Franklin Bobbitt
He seemed more concerned with a precise scientific matching of activity with outcome. -
Experience and Education
Dewey noted that experience and education cannot be directly equated. They had to be democratic and humane, growth enhacing, arouse curiosity and strenghten iniciative, and enable the individual to create meaning. -
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Developmental Conformism: Transition Period
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"Eight-Year Study"
It was sponsored by the Progressive Education Association to evaluate and systematize the efforts of progressive schools to free their curricula from the domination of the colleges. -
Giles, McCutchen and Zechiel
They summarized the "Eight-year Study" and noted that the curriculum development and evaluation involved attention to identifying objectives, selective the means for attaining those objectives, organizing those means, and evaluating the outcome. -
Education 305
This presents and explains what has become known as the "Tyler Rationale" which aimed to organize the curriculum around several key functions. More than 100,000 copies were sold and it made a significant contribution by systematizing in a sequencial manner, and curriculum workers seemed to value its clearness, its comprehensiveness and its simplicity. -
"Bloom's taxonomy"
It includes his famous educational objectives: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Bloom made a major contribution to curriculum; one of those whose effects will probably endure for some time. -
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Scholarly Structuralism
This era placed particular emphasis on math and science as foundational to education. -
Jerome Bruner
In "The Process of Education" school curricula had to be primarily concerned with effecting and facilitating the transfer of learning, educators must find the most efficient means of using the limited time available. -
John Holt
In his view the teacher was the curriculum. Schools needed exciting and imaginative teachers who could provision a stimulating learning environment and involve learners in meaningful learning experiences. -
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Romantic Radicalism
Time of national fragmentation and upheval, one in which the fabric of the society was stretched to its braking point. -Alternative schools: Curricula were shaped in response to the needs and interests of the children.
-Open classrooms: Attempt of the educational establishment to response to the mood of the times. Children were free to move from center to center, to work together, and to engage each other in discussion.
-Elective programas: Students should be able to chose their courses -
Joseph Schwab
His writings on curriculum span have proved to be rather influential in the field of curriculum theory. He argues for a permissive eclecticism which enables the inquirer to use any valid approach to understand human phenomena. He noted that few disciplines have a single structure and that the scientists in a field are too diverse in their preferences to be unanimous about one right mode of attack. -
Carl Rogers
His chief contribution was his ability to articulate clearly and practice effectively what open educators and free-schools advocates could only haltingly express and imperfectly implement. -
Havighurst
He conceptualized need as a "developmental task" which he defined as a task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of the individual. -
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Privatistic Conservatism
The time when a strong conservative philosophy permeated the national consciousness. The information age fully arrived. -A more rigorous curriculum: It was a cry for those who believed that a more academically challenging curriculum would serve best the needs of students. -
Oliver
He noted that the primary objective of the core curriculum is to develop unified studies based upon the common needs of the learners and organized withouth restriction by subject matter. -
Education Commision of the States
The "basics of tomorrow": evaluation and analysis skills, critical thinking, problem-solving strategies, organization and reference skills, synthesis, application, creativity, decision making, and communication skills. -
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Technological Constructionism
Leaders sought to improve education. Technology as a cathalyst for change, a standards-based movement impacted real change in education -
Digital opportunity
President Clinton and Vicepresident Gore bridged the digital divide by setting the goal of connecting every classroom and library to the internet. -
Technology Literacy Challenge
President Clinton made a major commitment of resources to connect every classroom to the internet; expand access to modern multimedia computers; make high-quality educational software an integral part of curriculum; and enable teachers to integrate technology effectively into their instruction -
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Modern Conservatism
It was marked by increased involvement by the federal government to raise the outcomes of public schools. -
School Privatization
Educational reform returned to a more modern and conservative nature -
Carol Ann Tomlinson
Her work has had a tremendous impact on the school improvement process. Her books include information on curriculum and instruction for advanced learners and struggling learners. -
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Technological Functionalism
Represented by the myths and hoaxes about the educational system in the US, educational reform, the CCSS, and disruptive behaviour. -
Common Core State Standards
Assumingly, the CCSS will provide a consistent understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. CCSS was designed to help make every student college and career ready.