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IDT Timeline
Timeline of notable events in IDT -
School Museums
One of the first instructional mediums was a school museum that supplemented the teacher's instruction with visual media. The first school museum was opened in St. Louis in 1905, and shortly thereafter school museums were opened in Reading, Pennsylvania and Cleveland, Ohio. Although few such museums have been established since the early 1900s, the district-wide media center may be considered a modern-day equivalent. -
Instructional Film
The first catalog of instructional films was published in 1910. later that year, New York became the first to adopt films for regular use. -
Thomas Edison
Proclaimed "Books will son be obsolete in the schools...It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture..." -
DVI & AECT
Department of Visual Instruction created in 1923 later renamed AECT (Association for Educational Communications and Technology) -
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Great Depression
Worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. The Great Depression was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic policy, and economic theory -
Radio Hype
In the 1930's radio was seen as the medium that would revolutionize education, but radio had little instructional practices. One cause was that teachers were resistant to change their instructional techniques. Additionally, many teachers were not equip with the knowledge of how to incorporate these new tools into their lessons. -
Visualizing the Curriculum
Authored by Hoban, Hoban, & Zissman in 1937, considered as important text regarding the value of audiovisual material as a function of their degree in realism. -
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World War II
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. -
Division of Visual Aids for War Training
From 1941-1945, this organization managed the production of 457 training films. They used overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, and simulators for flight training. -
U.S. Military Instruction
During the war, the Unites States Army Airforce produced more than 400 training films and 600 filmstrips, and estimated over 4 million showings of training films to military personnel. Post -surveys revealed they were effective training tools. -
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Ford Foundation Donation
It has been estimated that during the 1950's and 1960's, $170 million was spent by the Ford Foundation and its agencies on educational TV. -
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Computers
Although wide-spread interest in the computer as an instructional tool did not occur until the 1980's, computers were used in education earlier. Much early work was done by IBM researchers. They developed the first computer-assisted instruction(CAI). -
FCC Decision for Educational TV
242 television channels were set aside for educational purposes decided by the Federal Communications Commission. -
Ford Foundation Focus Shift
IN 1963, the Foundation decided to focus its support on public TV in general rather than in-school uses. -
Carnegie Commission on Educational TV
"The role played in formal education by instructional television has been on the whole a small one...With minor exceptions, the total disappearance of instructional television would leave the educational system fundamentally unchanged." -
Dept of AI to AECT
In 1970, the Department of Audiovisual Instruction changed its name to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
Terminology also changed as "educational/instructional technology" began to replace "audiovisual instruction". -
SCHEMA THEORY & COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY
Schema theory suggests that learners use schemas to understand experiences and to solve problems. Cognitive load theory suggests that simpler instructional materials reduce the cognitive load of information, which allows learners to gradually expand their schemas. -
Rise of the Computers
By 1983, computers were being used for instructional purposes in more than 40% of all elementary schools and more than 75% of all secondary schools in the U.S. -
Papert's Phrase
Indicated that the computer was going to be "a catalyst of very deep and radical change in the educational system." -
Gagne's Domains of Learning
In 1985, Gagné began to classify results into specific groups. He stated that the five learning outcomes fell into three particular domains: the cognitive domain, the psychomotor domain, and the affective domain. -
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivist theories include complex learning goals, engaging learning conditions, and encouraging instructional strategies. Instructor is seen as the facilitator and instruction is heavily student-centered. -
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Current IDT Trends and Developments
Since 1995, 14% of all formal training was delivered via computers. In the late 1990's enrollments in distance learning courses in higher education institutions nearly doubled. 60% of institutions used asynchronous internet-based technologies as compared to 22% just a few years earlier in 1995. -
Anderson & Ronnkvist National Survey
A 1998 National Survey revealed that schools had increased internet access from 50% to 90%. -
AECT Defined
Definition highlights characteristics that identify the field (i.e. professionalism, facilitation of learning, helping learners apply new and improved skills, and the actions carried out by professionals).
