Iberian peninsula

  • 1031

    Taifas

    Emerge in 1031 were those of Sevilla, Toledo, Badajoz and Zaragoza.
  • 1035

    Hispanic kingdoms

    Aragón
    This was inherited as a kingdom by Ramiro I, a son of Sancho III el Mayor. This monarch added the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza to the Kingdom of Aragón.
    Navarra
    Although this was the heart of Sancho’s power.
    Castilla
    The Kingdom of Castilla was formed when Sancho III
  • 1085

    Al-Andalus

    Almoravids, until the early 12th century.
  • 1085

    Almoravids

    Their arrival stopped the Christian advance and achieved the reunification of the Andalusian territory until the early 12th century.
  • 1104

    Aragón

    This kingdom experienced strong growth with kings like Alfonso I (1104–1134)
    In 1118, Alfonso I of Aragón and Navarra conquered Zaragoza, occupied part of the Ebro valley and reached the Sistema Ibérico mountain range.
    In 1137, the marriage of Ramón Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, and Petronila, the young Queen of Aragón, led to the union between the Catalan counties and Aragón
  • 1143

    Portugal

    This was a county belonging to the Kingdom of León that was given as a dowry to Henry of Burgundy when he married Alfonso VI’s daughter. Their son declared it independent in 1128 and it was established as a kingdom in 1143.
  • 1157

    León and Castilla

    The kingdoms of León and Castilla united by the monarch Alfonso VI, had been strengthened by the conquest of Toledo. This opened up opportunities for expansion throughout the lands of the Tajo.
  • 1200

    Kingdom of León

    The Kingdom of León, which was the oldest in the peninsula, was overtaken in importance by the Kingdom of Castilla. Alfonso VI, King of Castilla and León, took Toledo in 1085.
  • 1212

    Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

    was a major victory for the Christian kingdoms and made the occupation of the Guadalaquivir valley possible. In this battle, the kings of Castilla (Alfonso VIII), Navarra (Sancho el Fuerte) and Aragón (Pedro II) fought together.
  • 1250

    Andalusian kingdom

    There was only the Kingdom of Granada, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty.
  • 1492

    Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

    The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada lasted until 1492. It had a good economic situation, although it lost some territories close to the Strait of Gibraltar, such as Algeciras.