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Visigoth nobles appointed Rodrigo as king , but some didn't like him so asked North African Muslims for military aim.
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An army of Berbers arrived to the Peninsula, led by Tariq, Rodrigo confronted them in the Battle of Guadalete, Cádiz, but he died.
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Controlled almost all the Peninsula (not the North).
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More Arabs and Berbers arrived to the Peninsula and joined Tariq's army and advanced to Toledo, which was conquered.
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Almost all citites wrer conquered, but there were a reistence on the North
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The resistence, led by Pelayo defeated the muslims.
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Muslims tried to cross the Pyrenees, but were defeated at the Battle of Poitiers.
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Alfonso I (739-757) expanded his domains towards Galicia and began to occupy the northern Meseta.
Alfonso III (866-910) conquered Coimbra and Oporto. When he died, he divided his possessions into three kingdoms: Asturias, Galicia and León. -
Abderramán escaped from Damascus to Al-Andalus and name himself Independent Emir of the Caliphate.
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The Kingdom of Pamplona was formed, later known as Kingdom of Navarra.
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Abderramán III named himself caliph and had political and religious
power. This was the most glorious period. -
Due to internal fights the Caliphate divided into small independent kingdoms called taifas.
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In the 9th century, it broke away from the Frankish Kingdom and became part of the Kingdom of Navarra. Then it became independent turning into the Kingdom of Aragón
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To defend themselves against Muslims, they built castles. This converted into the Kingdom of Castilla.
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Almoravids and Almohads invaded the taifa kingdoms.
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The vassalage of various French cities and counties were obtained through arranged marriages.
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Ramón Berenguer IV conquered Tortosa and Lérida (1148–1149) Jaime I (the Conqueror) subdued the Muslim Kingdoms of Mallorca (1229) and Valencia (1238). Jaime II fought Castilla for control of the Kingdom of Murcia.
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Alfonso VIII conquered Cuenca and defeated the Almohads at the Battle of Navas de Tolosa.
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The territorial expansion of the Crown of Aragón occurred between the 13th and 14th centuries.
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He conquered the Valle del Guadalquivir (Jaén, Córdoba and Sevilla). During his reign, his son (Alfonso X) conquered Murcia and Alicante.
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Alfonso IX of León conquered Cáceres and Badajoz.
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He conquered Cádiz, making the Kingdom of Granada the only remaining Muslim state.
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He fought off an invasion by the North African Marinid dynasty, who had crossed the strait to protect Granada. The armies of Castilla and Portugal and formed an alliance and defeated them at the Battle of Salado.
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Castilla conquered the canary islands in th 15th century.
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Christians expelled muslims for good.