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Salt mines were discovered in Austria. Salt absorbs water from the food (micro-organisms). This means that the food can be preserved longer.
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The Ancient greeks learnt that things do not spoil as faster if it is cooled by ice or snow. This stops the bacteria growing faster than normal.
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Trial and error was used quiet frequently. So when the Early people existed they had discovered that if meat was smoked the meat would long a more period of time. Later in the following years more and more people started to discover that there were compounds of bacteria within the smoke of the meat so they called this phenolic compounds.
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Scientists discovered that if food is stored in a lunch box that it can be stored longer.
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Canned food was a great way to store food which was discovered by Nicholas Appert. A lot of foods are stored in cans to help prevent bacteria from going inside the food.