-
UK govt agreed to creation of state of Israel
-
march retreat of the communists in China
-
Led to the nationalists being weakened -> allowed Communists to have an advantage against them
-
The allies start trusting each other
-
gold standard stopped - Dollar new standard
IMF and IBRD formed -
start to disagree on the practicality of their agreements
-
Started massive distrust which led to cold war (nukes used)
-
Protect Arab interests
-
Policies of Sovietisation in East Europe
-
independence due to a long movement and continual struggle
-
after the defeat of Japan the civil war kicked off and while the nationalists had a lot of advantages they did not used them so the communists won
-
Germany surrendered unconditionally
-
Allies win in Europe
-
6 August - Hiroshima
9 August - Nagasaki -
-
US diplomat sending telegrma to Truman about the hostility of USSR
-
Cannot know what was going on in the East
-
the idea of containing communism in Turkey and Greece...
-
to coordinate communist parties
-
2-state solution agreed to by UN
-
The idea championed by Truman to contain communism (especially for Turkey and Greece)
-
Stalin vs the West still bitter from WW2
until destalinisation -
13bn$ to rebuild Europe
1948-51 -
Ben Gurion proclaimed the independence
Palestine had not been legally proclaimed so they were screwed -
Organisation to distribute Marshall plan aid
-
Independent. but still very divided and a bloody war would ensue
-
Israel declares independence
get attacked
Israel wins - legitimacy to them -
USSR blocking allied access to the free part of Berlin
-
The USSR retorted and formed the GDR
-
As a reaction to the Berlin Blockade
The three allies joined thier parts of Germany and rendered it an independent country -
Consequence to Berlin Airlift
EUrope no match for USSR militarily -
To link East-European Economies under Stalin control
-
mao gained power over the country and the CCP
-
-
-
Battle between communist north and nationalistic South
Armistice: 1953 -
italy, Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany, Belgium, France
-
created after WWII to merge Europes industries
-
Mao started making communist reforms
-
Saw NATO as aggressive
-
After the Cuban Crisis the USA wanted to prevent the spread of communism after the end of decolonisation
started the second Indochina war after France lost the first one -
Khrushchev denounced Stalin (died 1953) and the cult of personality
ended large scale repressions -
nationwide revolt agaisnt USSR backed government.
USSR intervened and crushed the uprising -
1956 - France and UK mad at Egypt for nationalising canal
Led to USA mad and Suez canal opened -
Mao mad at Khrushchev for denouncing Stalin
also denounced peaceful coexistence (showing USSR not most important communist country (with Albania))
1960 USSR recalled experts
1964: thier first nuclear weapon -
periods of lower tensions
-
Ended with Cuban crisis
and Berlin wall 1961 -
Mao wanted to hear the thoughts of all citizens
backfired horribly -
Peaceful
1951 started negotiations -
-
Mao saw successes of 5 year plan so tried to reform even more.
However, led to many deaths and mismanagement -
Non-EU members who still trade freely in single market
-
foreign policy initiative to improve relations with East Europe (USSR/East Germany)
designed to ease tensions -
Riots made the elctions necessary for belgium who was losing the grip
-
Peaceful transition - the country had been prepared
took a long time to finalise the deal but the population was more ready and had fewer problems -
The berlin wall was set up to prevent the exodus of people due to lower SOL
Tension during peaceful coexistence -
After the communist revolution to overthrow pro-America and after missiles emplaced on the island - US blockaded and threatened invasion
-
referendum allowed by France
-
-
banning nukes in space, atmosphere and water
(not underground - useless)
made to slow advancement of nukes -
Mao regained massive power
'Purification' of communism
Ended due to him having full control again -
Mao regained massive power
purification of communism
ended due to him having full control again -
Israel mad at Egypt for building up forces on Sinai and closing Straits of Tiran
-
attempted revolution against USSR in Czechoslovakia -
crushed -
1968 was a period of sociopolitical upheaval in West Europe
opposition to political establishments, Vietnam war and need for more equality(eg Women) -
-
Nixon Brezhnev 1969-74
more times of relaxing tensions such as:
*Phone line Moscow Washington
*partial test ban treaty
*SALT I and II -
-
5-year agreement of limiting ICBMs
ABM treaty made in the talks to limit anti-ballistic defenses -
conference of Helsinki accords (signed there)
Brezhnev, Tito and European leaders
solidify borders post-war
Not a Treaty -
Arabs attacked Israel again during Yom kippur - thinking they would not defend
but Israel won -
OPEC caused oil prices rise
UK privatised
EU nationalised -
-
Carnatian Revolution
-
Peaceful transition of power into a democracy
-
civil war until 1974
-
Very violent independence movement started in 1964
Political pressures forced Portugal to agree to independence -
US, USSR and Europeans
respect for sovereignty
but difficult to regualte - no penalties/enforcement -
Showed expansion of USSR
widened sphere of influence -
Juan Carlos decides to do elections
-
-
-
after Mao's death Deng took power and wanted to follow Mao's teachings
-
further limitations (precise limits)
however due to highering tensions (Vietnam war) Carter did witdrew, but both sides honoured it until 1986 -
OPEC raised prices more and less competitiveness in West (Japan taking over)
-
USSR showing it was on par to USA
nightmare guerrilla war in Afghanistan -
Massive economic growth in China due to modernizations and liberalisations.
-
80's USA needed a strong and revolutionary leader
Reagan used ultraliberal policies to be president
Started SDI (Star Wars) messed up USSR economy -
Polish protests for more freedom and led to independence of soviet states
-
caused many sociopolitical problems as the republics wanted independence
-
to prevent overpopulation in cities
-
1956 there was a declaration of independence by European leaders
Civil war by POC
1979 ceasefire -
Strong racial divides
revolutionary war against European independence movement
ceasefire 1979 -
Independence granted due to international pressures riots plagued the country and politics for a long time
-
free from Junta
-
-
relaxation of tension due to Maos death
more tolerant to USSR
trying to prevent democratic west from having too much power
Gorbachev more willing to collaborate with China -
Reagan to deploy a nuclear umbrella over America
-
medium range missiles installed by US and USSR threatening war
-
Gorbachev wanted to open up
-
Joined after democracy started for better economies
-
Gorbachev had a new perspective
very chaotic fall of the wall -
Due to Solidarity winning the elections they got autonomy
-
line in Baltics
-
brutal reprisal of student protests of the establishments
-
-
-
In 1989 many Soviet candidates lost in elections around the Union, baltics independent
1990: Yeltsin declared Russia independent
1991: Dissolution officially -
-
-
Harmed EU integration