History Timeline Final

By lynnaerox24
  • 100,000 BCE

    Out of Africa Theory

    All modern humans stemmed from a single group that originated in Africa.
  • 10,000 BCE

    Stone Age

    • The people were hunter-gatherers and the first society was clans.
    • Stone Age went from 10,000 BCE to 3,500 BCE
    • Had the means to make fire -Divided into three periods; the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic
  • 8000 BCE

    The Neolithic Revolution

    • Hunter-gatherers settled down into villages
    • Started farming and domesticating animals
  • 3500 BCE

    The Bronze and Iron Age

    • Ancient civilizations started in the Bronze Age and moved into the Iron Age -Empires began to emerge -The Sumerian Empire, the Babylonian Empire, the Shang Dynasty in China, and the Persian Empire
  • 2000 BCE

    The Mayan Empire

    • Only civilization with fully developed written language
    • Noted for art, architechture, math, astrononmy
    • Initally established around 2000 BCE. Mayan cities reached their higherst developmental state around 250 to 900 CE and continued until arrival of Spanish.
    • Highest degree of trade in the region
  • 455

    The Dark Ages

    • Roman Empire had been in decline for 150 years
    • Vandal invasion was the final fall of Rome
    • The Black Plague occurred during this time 1346-1353 CE.
    • The Viking age began during this time
    • The Renaissance was given a huge boost from the De Medici Family
    • Christopher Columbus arrived to North America in 1492
  • 1300

    The Inca Empire

    • Inca were skilled politicians and managed to govern a realm that included 12 million people
    • The Inca Capital was at Machu Pichu
    • The Empire continued until about 1520 when Emperor Capac died from an epidemic and his two sons left the empire weakened.
  • 1325

    The Aztec Empire

    • They migrated from the South to what is now central Mexico
    • Aztec traded and intermarried with other tribes and civilizations
    • The Spanish explorer Cortez arrived in 1519 when the Aztec Empire was at its peak.
  • 1492

    The New World

    -Beringia was the name for the land bridge that many human populations passed from Asia to populate the Americas
    -Clovis People were the first ancient tribe to appear on the continent
    -The first people that Columbus encountered were the Tainos
  • 1500

    The Columbian Exchange

    • During the 1500s Spain, Portugal, France, and England sent explorers to the New World
    • The brought animals and plants to the New World
    • They brought back potatoes, sweet potatoes, game birds, tobacco, and chocolate to the Royals.
    • They also brought illnesses that the native people had no natural immunities to.
  • Period: 1565 to

    The First Colonies

    • In 1565 Pedro Menendez de Aviles landed in Florida. He named it St. Augustine, Florida after the St. Augustine in the Catholic Church
    • Roanoke, Virginia was established in July of 1587. The Lost Colony of Roanoke remains a mystery to this day.
    • Jamestown, Virginia was America's first permanent English colony in 1607, 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in Massachusetts.

  • Indentured Servants

    • Settlers moved from England to Virginia in the promise of work and land.
    • After seven years of working for someone on their land, indentured servants were free.

  • The First African Slaves

    • First Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619 from West Central Africa.
    • The first were treated as indentured servants with an end date of 7 to 14 years when they would be freed.
    • The number of African slaves increased significantly after that, placing indentured servants as the primary source of labor.

  • Plymouth Colony

    • A minority of the passengers on the Mayflower were religious pilgrams and the rest were planning to work in the tobacco plantations in Virginia
    • The Mayflower Compact was the first document of Democracy in the New Worlds and was written and signed on the Ship

  • French and Indian War

    • A massive Europen War involving Austria, England, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Sweden
    • Also called "Seven Years War"
    • English, won, but all the cost of the English government getting destroyed

  • The Tea Act

    • The act of the Parliament of Great Britain
    • The purpose was to reduce the massive surplus of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses
    • King gave approval on May, 10 1773

  • The Boston Tea Party

    • The Sons of Liberty boarded tea ships anchored in the harbor and dumped tea overboard

  • Lexington and Concord

    • April 19, 1775 the Battle of Lexington and Concord kicked off the American Revolutionary War.

  • The Battle of Saratoga

    • Turning point of the Revolutionary War
    • Washington gained an important vicotry

  • Declaration of Indepence

    • April 1777
    • Explained to foregn colonies why the colonies chose to seperate from Great Britain

  • Articles of Confederation

    • Similar to the Constitution but gave far less power to the central government and far more to the individual states

  • US Constitution

    • Describes how the new US Government would look.
    • Three branches: Judicial, Legislative, Executive

  • First President

    George Washington was elected first President of the United States in 1790

  • The Cotton Gin

    • Eli Whitney built a machine to effectively and efficiently remove the seeds from cotton plants
    • One slave could remove seeds from 50 pounds of cotton a day
    • This led to landowners running huge plantations across the south.

  • Lewis and Clark Expedition

    -From 1804-1806 they went to explore the new west
    -President Jefferson order for the Indian tribal removal to relocate Native Americans to the Lousiana Territory west of the Mississippi River
    -This was in order to open lands for eventual American settlers.

  • Trail of Tears

    • The goal was to make Native Americans as much like white Americans as possible
    • Encourgaged them to convert to Christianity and learn English
    • Were forced to relocate to what is present-day Oklahoma
    • They made the journey without any food, supplies, or help from the government
  • Period: to

    The Civil War

    • Things were left unresolved by the revolution: Whether the US was to be an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government and whether this nation would continue to exist as the largest slaveholding country in the world -Started because of uncompromising differences b/w slave and free states over prohibiting slavery in territories that weren't states -Northern victory in the war preserved the United States as one nation and ended slavery that had divided the country from the beginning
  • Period: to

    Reconstruction

    • Union victory in the Civil War gave roughly 4 million slaves their freedom
    • Rebuilding the south during the reconstruction period was difficult
    • "Black Codes" were passed to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans
    • During Radical Reconstruction in 1867, former slaves were given full rights as voters and gained a voice in government.