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Vietnam War
The anti-war activism helped to further expressionist thought in writing curriculum. Expressionist theory was used mainly in classes organized around resistance to dominant political formations to preserve integrity of individual. -
The Process of Education published
This document organized curriculum into different levels to be presented to students based on their cognitive abilities. It helped to inform the policies of Project English in 1962. -
Woods Hole Conference
Woods Hole Conference sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences under Jerome Bruner. This helped to introduce the idea of sequenced curriculum. -
NDEA allocates money to English studies
The National Defense Education Act (1958), which was passed in response to intensifying competition with the Soviet Union after Sputnik, was adapted to not only include math and science, but by 1964 also emphasized literature, language and composition. -
Pre-Writing: the Construction and Application of Models for Concept Formation in Writing by Gordan Rohmann and Albert Wlecke
It was the key document which launched process movement in schools. Helped to support the expressionist belief that emphasized writing as a process or activity rather than a focus on content or "level". -
Dartmouth Conference of 1966
Brought together fifty English teachers from both the United States and Britain. This helped to introduce expressionist ideas into writing curriculum in the U.S. as the idea of shifting away from the demands of the discipline towards the personal and linguistic growth of the child was emphasized. -
Teaching the Universe of Discourse by James Moffett
Following cognitive theory, Moffett provided four different "stages" of composition activities based on cognitive development ranging from elementary to high school: interior dialogue, conversation, correspondence, and public narrative. -
Period: to
College enrollment increases largely due to women
Many college composition positions being filled by women, earned doctorates at a sharply increasing rate in the 70s. -
The Composing Process of Twelfth Graders by Janet Emig
Highlighted the belief in cognitivism - that students should not just STUDY the work of "experts" but instead must work through research and discovery themselves to truly understand content. Emig's publication showed the importance of students engaging in the PROCESS of writing rather than focusing on a final result. -
"Students' Right to Their Own Language"
Published by the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) and influenced by James Sledd, it rejected the idea of dialectical imperialism and race discrimination in linguistics. It highlighted a language crisis and pushed for recognizing and fixing the mismatch between cultural, nontraditional language and academic language as black students made their way into higher education. -
The Development of Writing Abilities (11-18) by James Britton
Also supportive of cognitivism. Along with Ewig's work, helped to create composition and writing curriculum that was largely adopted in the 1970s.
