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Vannevar Bush was an important member of the US Defense Research Committee during World War Two. He recognized the need to organize information and thought of (but did not create) a system that worked as a sort of computerized library which he named memex. His ideas would inspire future scientists to bring his idea to reality.
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Early computers were large and isolated from other computers, there was no way to connect them. Data was transferred with punch cards or large reels of magnetic tape, causing computer use to be extremely incomvenient. Some began to imagine a method of linking the computers together, a "computerized library" of information shared through a single network.
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Licklider expanded on Vannevar Bush's ideas and envisioned a large network made of smaller networks that would be more powerful than anything ever designed. He named this the "Intergalactic Network."
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Three mathematicians that together developed packet switching (sending a file in small packets rather than one massive file).
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The US Department of Defense wanted the ability to link multiple computers to the same network, even if they were running different operating systems. Previous to this project, computers that ran on the same network had to be identical to each other.
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Larry Roberts was the program manger of the ARPANET project and was deeply involved in the design of the system.
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Mike Wingfield designed the Internet Message Processor (IMP) which allowed different computers to communicate over one network.
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Tomlinson was the first to develope an electronic mail system that connected to various computers on ARPANET.
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Abhay Bhushan invented File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a way to send files between remote computers that have different operating systems.
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Robert Kahn saw the potential for the commercialization of the internet and along side with Vinton Cerf developed internet protocol (IP) and transmission control protocol (TCP).
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Mockapetris is responsible for developing the domain name system so that the internet can be searched using keywords and domain names rather than numbers to identify servers.
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Developed the web as we know it.
