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Brown v. The Board of Education ended school segregation by race. This legal ruling would have implications for special education. The judges thought segregation was a violation of the 14th Amendment’s equality clause. It posed the question can schools be equal if students are segregated, at this point disabled students still were. https://youtu.be/1siiQelPHbQ -
The first took place in Soldier Field, Chicago in July 1968 thanks to the dedication of Anne Burke a P.E. teacher. She believed in her students with disabilities, she trained them in sports and wanted them to compete in a competition event, the Special Olympics were born! Disabled competitors came from 26 states. Eventually, Eunice Shriver funded and expanded the idea, now millions athletes participate in Special Olympics sports and competition in 180 countries. https://youtu.be/yT55ffCojD0 -
Supreme Court ruled all persons with disability should be educated in a publicly funded school. All schools should provide free, public programs to educate and train that are “appropriate to the child's capacity,” individualized. Students were to be evaluated. A mainstream typical classroom was better than a “special class,” if a child was mainstreamed they would be evaluated every two years. https://youtu.be/QtFmp3XduaQ -
This ruling made it unlawful for children who had disabilities to deny admission, suspend, expel, reassign or transfer from a typical public school without due process. The court ruled that the D.C. school board was violating the student’s 14th Amendment rights. Each child has the right to an educational review periodically to ensure appropriate education for all disabled children. https://youtu.be/NdzpyzmeolU -
After the Women’s and Civil rights movements came the Disabled community movement and a time of self-advocacy. This led Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 of this federal law protects the rights of individuals with disabilities ensuring that they receive federal financial assistance. To qualify under Section 504, a student must have a disability that limits life functions. The school must conduct an evaluation to determine the student has a disability. https://youtu.be/pxx6rQqIjpY -
In 1975 Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law 94-142, to assist state and local government with federal funding in order protect the rights of individual with disabilities. Often referred to as the “Bill of Rights” for the disabled. Before Public Law 94-142, many individuals with disabilities were not taken care of. Too many individuals lived in state institutions for persons with mental retardation or mental illness. https://youtu.be/3XMndYNEGFA -
Public Law 101-476 added traumatic brain injury and Autism as new disabilities eligible for services. Social work and rehabilitation counseling as services students could access. Required students have a transition plan by the age of 16 years to assist with post-secondary life, including living arrangements, vocational training, and/or additional education. https://youtu.be/H90Po8tHbOU -
The Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1997. Several amendments were added to lead to higher academic expectations: disabled students included in statewide testing, assistive tech could now be an option, Gen. Ed. teacher is part of IEP team, focus on annual goals and benchmarks and a myriad of assessment tools are to be used to assess students with disabilities. https://youtu.be/hFlY4iDgOjs -
The IDEA of 2004 aligned with No Child Left Behind Act. Six main principles were added; no exclusion, protection in evaluation, free and appropriate public education, least restrictive environment, procedural safeguards, and parental participation. It also required school districts to move funds if it were determined that a disproportionate number of students from minority groups were placed in special education for reasons other than disabilities. https://youtu.be/P--IJkVYItQ -
This organization in FL is here help people with disabilities find and maintain employment and improve independence. The 1992 Amendments to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 allow more choice in career opportunities for disabled people. Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA) is designed to give job hunters access to employment, education, training, and support services needed to succeed in the workplace, and to match employers with the skilled workers. http://www.rehabworks.org/
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