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The first special education school in the US, the American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, was opened in Hartford, CT by Thomas H. Gallaudet. When they opened, only 7 students were enrolled and that increased to 33 students within a year. In 1819, Massachusetts decided thru legislative appropriation to educate 20 of their states indigent pupils here. By 1825, more states came on board with doing the same for their deaf and mute children at their states expense. -
This law paved the way for integration in public schools and is also known to be one of the first laws to indirectly support students with disabilities. It supported the fact that equal rights as well as equal education opportunities were meant for all children across the board no matter what race and or ability. -
PARC was known as the Pennsylvania Association for retarded children. It was the first act that gave the right to education when it came to all students with disabilities. In 1975, this act was renamed Education for all Handicapped Children Act. (https://www.slideshare.net/casandoval1/parc-v-pennsylvania-1971) -
This act extended civil rights of people with disabilities specifically including education and employment. It included that all federal financial assistant programs must have section 504 regulations and accommodations for people with disabilities. It also enforce the importance of accessible new construction alterations to buildings and facilities that we're not accessible for people with disabilities https://www.globaldisabilityrightsnow.org/law/usa/section-504-us-rehabilitation-act-1973 -
With this act, IEPs were designed and a the right for parental involvement in the creation of these IEP's became necessary and enforced. Non-discriminatory identification and evaluation was enforced and free appropriate public education, otherwise known as FAPE. This act also stated that students with disabilities needed to be educated in the least restrictive educational environment possible. (https://study.com/academy/lesson/education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-summary-impact.html) -
This act ended up replacing the Education of Handicapped Act. It also focused on child first language, for instance using "individual with disabilities" as opposed to "handicapped child". The act also mandated that use of IEPs and IFSP while encouraging involvement of the students family in their education. -
Among these amendments were outlawing the placement of students with limited English in special education. Parental involvement was also vital so it defined the roles and strengths of parents and guardians in the IEP process. The amendments It also and expanded developmental delay to include ages 6 through 9. -
This act push accountability, flexibility, research-based education and parent options. Goals to close student achievement gaps and to provide all children with equal opportunities. This act was also supposed to provide all students with equal opportunities but it was made very clear that the tests were biased towards white middle-class students.
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