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The Supreme court had ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. This was one of the first times the federal government stood up for students who faced inequality in school. This also opened up a path for future legislation for those with disabilities. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the federal government was given the role of providing students with disadvantaged backgrounds opportunities for equal schooling. The ESEA created the free and reduced lunch system and had states build a better education program for students with disabilities. This act was later revised into the Education of the Handicapped Act. -
The district of Columbia was to provide education services to children who are handicapped and conduct reviews of the children’s status and progress in their education. The court required the schools to describe their academic plan and objectives, supplemental services, and their qualifications for teachers in order to ensure these children were getting a proper education. This was later accounted for while the P.L. 94-142 was being drafted. -
This act prevents any organization involved with local or state, or federal funds from discriminating against those with disabilities. It addresses discrimination in education, the workplace, and health services. This act created better opportunities for persons with disabilities. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00KVLYcmBOw -
This act required schools that accepted federal funds to provide equal education to those with disabilities, whether they were mental or physical. Schools had to evaluate and create a plan that would most benefit and replicate the education of non-disabled as close as possible. This act also called for students with disabilities to be placed in the least restrictive environment so that they could interact with students who do not have disabilities. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpP1z0RwUOw -
Amy Rowley, a deaf fifth-grader, used a hearing aid during her classes. Rowley was above average and communicated well in her classes. However, she was not performing at her max and could have benefited from an interpreter. The court ruled that under P.L. 94-142, the state has to provide sufficient support to students who are disabled so they can benefit from education as much as other students do. -
A student named Garret got into an accident at 4 years old, leaving him paralyzed from the neck down. Garret’s mental abilities were not affected by the accident. In order to attend school, he would have to have nursing services with him. The court, under IDEA, ruled that students would be provided with supplemental services at no cost in order for them to attend school. -
The NCLB calls for a variety of different things, expanding from teachers to improve the quality of instruction for those who are learning English, to keeping schools a safe environment. The act increased accountability, allowed for parents to send their children to different schools, and created better flexibility for schools and how they spend their funds. The Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) later replaces the NCLB. https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1 -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act guaranteed children with disabilities special education where they would receive the education most beneficial to them. This act is connected to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990). This act ensured things like free public education, Child Find, and the least restrictive environment. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/about-idea/ -
The ESSA, signed by President Obama, replaced the No Child Left Behind Act. It included additional resources for students not making adequate progress in school and set to improve schooling for students showing low performance in certain area subjects. It also gave state and local governments student accountability.
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