-
Itard educated people about intellectual disabilities and created instruments for them to use. -
Jean Etienne Esquirol discovered the difference between mental illness and intellectual disability. -
Edouard Séguin opened the world's first school to educate students with intellectual disabilities. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edouard-Seguin -
The first public school in America for students with intellectual disabilities was established by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston. -
The Public Law (99-457) allowed infants and toddlers to receive services. -
Students with disabilities could not attend school. -
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon established the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale which measured students' attention, memory, and verbal skills. This scale was revised in 1908, 1911, and again in 1916. https://irp.nih.gov/catalyst/22/5/from-the-annals-of-nih-history -
The International Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) was organized to establish equal rights for students with disabilities. -
In 1943 Leo Kanner defines Autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29667863/#:~:text=In%201943%2C%20Leo%20Kanner%20published,biologically%20provided%20contact%20with%20people'. -
In 1959 the Training of Professional Personnel Act was established to help educators teach students with disabilities. -
President Kennedy signed this panel for the quality of special services to be updated. -
Gives students with disabilities equal rights to receive services. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ocr/civilrights/resources/factsheets/504.pdf -
This Public Law (94-142) "guaranteed a free, appropriate public education, or FAPE, to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country." https://sites.ed.gov/idea/IDEA-History -
The Javits Act is recognizing students who are gifted and talented. https://www.nagc.org/resources-publications/resources-university-professionals/jacob-javits-gifted-talented-students#:~:text=The%20Javits%20Act%20focuses%20resources,and%20to%20encourage%20the%20establishment -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act also known as IDEA allows students with disabilities to have a free and appropriate education. -
The No Child Left Behind Act or NCLB ensures all students are learning and achieving appropriately in schools. -
Every Student Succeeds Act or ESSA ensures students are succeeding. This Act requires testing to measure the student's performances. https://oese.ed.gov/families/essa/#:~:text=ESSA%20was%20signed%20into%20law,reading%2C%20math%2C%20and%20science.