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Nicolaus Copernicus published the idea that Earth was not the center of the universe. He stated that Earth actually rotated around the sun.
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Galileo Galilei used his telescope to confirm Copernicus' findings. The Earth was not the center of the universe. The two men began the movement of experimenting through observation.
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Marmaduke B. Sampson believed the of behavior of a human was directly linked to the shape of their head. Phrenology is a pseudoscience that is credited for the inspiration of the study of the brain.
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Psychobiologists study how the brain, the nervous system, hormones, and genetic influence our behaviors. Experiments happened in 1991 & 1995. Biological Psychology started in the 19th century.
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William James taught the first class on psychology at Harvard University in 1875.
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Wilhelm Wundt started his Laboratory of Psychology. Wundt is also known for establishing modern psychology as a separate field of study.
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In 1883 Francis Galton published a book called "Inquires into Human Faculty". It is referred to as the first study of individual differences.
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Published "The Principles of Psychology". The book talked about how James' philosophy focused on all the activities of the mind serve as a function for human survival.
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Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka argued that perception is more than the sum of it's parts. Also it's perception of apparent motion.
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In 1913 John B. Watson speculated that all behavior, even apparently instinctive behavior, is the result of conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is present in the environment.
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In 1940 Sigmund Freud believed that dreams can represent past, present, and future concerns. The study was referred to as "dream analysis".
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In 1948 B.F. Skinner published a novel called "Walden Two". In this book he portrayed his idea of Utopia.
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In the 1950's Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Leon Festings contributed to cognitive psychology. Cognitivists focus on how we process, store, and use information. They then study how said information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity. Cognitivists believe that behavior is influenced by a plethora of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, and expectations.
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In the 1960's Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May described human nature as evolving and self-directed. The approach used by humanists is that each person is unique and has a self-concept and potential to fully develop.
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Sociocultural psychologists consider how our knowledge and ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving are dependent on the culture to which we belong.
