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The first compiler Gregorian chant
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It is a Liturgico song in honor of Gregori the Great of the Roman Catholic Church.
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A neumatic notational system was used on a four line stave and a second voice was added to plainsong and polyphony was born
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Two Figures:
* The minstrels were musics who play secular music and their songs werw written in songbooks. The most common were Cantigas de Santamaría, Cantigas de amigo and Llibre Vermell de Montserrat.
* The goliards written proety in latin which is critical by the church, for example Carmina Burana. -
Start the Mensural notation, the first symbols related to metre and assigned different notes values, in addiction there are new liturgical polyphonic, Ther Organum, discantus and Conductus.
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Romance: It was based on popular poetic ballads that told both true and fictional stories.
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The viol
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The Clavichord
The Sackbut -
Josquim des Prés
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The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement that started in Italy and spread all over Europe.
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-Polyphony: Several independent melodic lines.
* Imitative Counterpoint - canon
-Homorhythmic Homophony: Several similar melodic lines thar moves simultaneously.
-Melody - dominated Homophony: A main melody line that can be identified with a harmonic accompaniment. -
Motet:13th to the late 16th. Existed as a secular polyphonic composition for two o three parts, each part with different lyrics and rhythm.
Mass: Composition with liturgical texts, written in Latin.
Chorale:the first quarter of the 16th Century. 1524. The mosto common musical form in Protestant liturgy. -
-Compositions based on vocal music.
-Compositions with an improvisational feel
-Variations -
- The Pavane
- The Galliard
- The Branle
- The Sarabande
- The Pavane
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The modern peridod started with the fall of the Byzantine Empire
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Juan del Encina, Spanish
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The Cancionero de Palacio
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Mateo Flecha el Viejo
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The Madrigal: It originated in Italy. It described feelings through the union of music and text, always written in the vernacular.
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Villancico: It also had popular origins.
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Ensalada: Was a combination of differents forms, languages and polyphonic textures.
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The vihuela
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Ottaaviano Petruci printed the first music book in history
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Ottaviano Petrucci
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Fiovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
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The invention of the printing Press
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Magdalena Casuluana
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John Dowland, was on the first composers to use melody-dominated Homophony .
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The Cancionero de Upsala
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Familia de musicos con una gran voz. Primera mujer en escribir operas. escribio 5. 1625 " La liberazionedi Ruggiero.
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John Dowland
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The kettledrums.
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- Technical developments in instruments.
- Appeared the firts virtuosos
- Birth of the orchestra
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Violin, viola, cello and double bass was de central section of the baroque orchesta.
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The fugue, The suite, The sonata, The concerto .
Concerto Grosso o concertino and solo Concerto -
Opera. La primera apareció en Italia. Libreto con el texto de la opera.
** Opera Seria, es una opera dramática. En Italia
** Opera Buffa, es una ópera comica. In Vernacular -
Baroque music
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Finales del barroco se crea la orquesta organizada y cobra importancia gracias a la perfección técnica que alcanzan los instrumentos de cuerda frotada (violín, viola, violonchelo
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Several choirs were used polychoralism. New musical forms ( in addition to the mass and the motet.
* Cantata.Basada en textos religiosos
* Oratorio.Parecida a la opera pero con tramas religiosas
* Pasión. Tipo de oratorio sobre la pasion y muerte de cristo. -
Una de las primeras operas de la historia de la musica.
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Openning of the first oublic opera in Venice
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The flute se hizo mas popular en el barroco., The Basson originario de Francia. La trompeta.
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Compositor ingles mas famoso del periodo Barroco
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Composer and priest from Venice. Fue profesor de violin escribio opera y unos 450 conciertos.
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opens his own lithier´s workshop
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Was in 1685 and today is the most famous composer os the Baroque period and on of the most important composers of western music.
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In the rest of the arts thle classic period was called Neoclassicism
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One de most important music composers of the classical period
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In three acts with mythologycal or historical plots.
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The requiem mass was the most expresive form os Reliqious Music.
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This artistic movement was an reaction to the excesses ofs the Barroque period.
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Four Movements:
*Sonata form,
*Theme and variations, *
*Minuet
*Rondo. -
*Sonata,
*Trio, quartet, quintet.
* Symphony,
* Concerto -
- The role of the conductor appeared
- Incorporation the Clarinet
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Composer and pianist,one of the most influential musicians in the history of music
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First performance of Orpheus and Eurydice.
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starts his most prolific musical period in Spain
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Musician from the transition between the Cassical and the Romantic period, and one of the most important composers in the history of music.
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Was a Spanish guitarist and composer.
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First performance of Una Cosa Rara.
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Coincided with the enlightened despotism of Carlos IIIand carlos IV
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The modern period ended with the French Revolution
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End to the Old Regime, characterised by an absolutist monarchy and a society divided.
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With everyday comic situations for plots and simple language.
Mozart. -
Know as The Spanish Mozart.
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Synphonic Concerto.
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Defended civil liberties against monarchical despotism.
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Zarzuela Grande and the genero chico in Spain.
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Were created the majority of instruments used today in fomal music
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- Artistic and philosophical movement -Promoted by the bourgeoisie´
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Population growth accelerated throughout the 19th century and large numbers of people emigrated to cities.
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- use key signatures, with sharps o flats.
- Tonality. depends on the tonic note.
- Modality. Depends on the mode that´s used in the piece of music.
- Beats are divided as simple metres o compound metres.
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Freedom from classical rules.
Aiming for virtuosity.
Use the melody to espress emotions.
Use of a wider vocabulary to describe changes in dynamics tempo and character.
Use the complex textures and harmonies.
Creating inity in the piece throught resources like repetition. -
Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, Brahma, Mendelssohn and Schumann.
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Short pieces for piano.
Chamber music.
Longer works. -
Programme Music. Narrative inspired by extra -musical elements.
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Opera Italy: It developed bel canto ( Gaentano Donizetti and Vicenzo Bellini) and verinismo ( Giacomo Puccini).
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Opera in France. It developed the grand opéra ( Meyerbeer was the creator) and the Operetta ( George Bizet with operas like Carmen ).
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Opera in Germany: It aimed for the complete work of aart. Leitmotiv.
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Lied or romantic song of german Origin. Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann
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Spanish composer
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Austrian composer
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Synphonic poem. Franz Liszt..Movement in which different descriptive or poetic musical themes appeared.
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In paris ( the Sylphide ). Cout dances were substitued forBallroon dances. The waltz very popular in Viena
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German Composer
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German Composer
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Defended the idea that a state´s borders should coincide with its religious, ethnic, linguistic and historic natural borders.
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Defence of the musical traditions of each country. Was particulary evident in countries where the musical influence of other nations was especially dominat. The most important countries are: Russia, Hungary and Spain.
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Composes The Ring of the Nibelung
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Polish composer.
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German Composer
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Appeared like the british Empire and the French Empire.
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Composes The Blue Danube.
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Italian composer of operas.
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Established after the second Industrial Revolution.
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First performance of Carmen
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First performance of la Verbena de la Paloma
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inspiration in nature and ubusual things, irregular rhythm and used imprecise melodic lines.
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Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.
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Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism and Surrealism.
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Impressionism, expressionism, atonality, twelve-tone tecnique anda Neoclassicism.
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Dramatic social, scientific and technological advances took place in the 20th century and also great wars.
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Manuel de Falla and Joaquín Tourina respresented Spanish musical nationalism and Joaquin Rodrigo and Federico Mompuo in the Generación del 27.
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Italian composer
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- Abandoning tonality: 2 scales, Pentatonic scales and Chromatic or twelve-tone scale.
- Mixed metres and additve rhythm: Mixed metres and Additive rhythm
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- Novelty and originality, new musical language, different ways of representing music and new instrumental resources.
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- Electrophones: The theremin, the ondes Martenot, the synthesiser, the samplerand
- idiophones: the vibraphone.
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Ballets Russes, the most influence on the visual and musical renewal of the genre, Isadora Duncan.
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First Performance of the Rite of Spring.
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Composed for small chamber esembles, used strong dissonances and used Sprechgesang.
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Arnold Schönberg, Anton von Webern and Alban Berg.
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The Nazi Holocaust, Invention of the atomic bomb and the arms race between the EEUU and the URS
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Led by Lenin
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Returned to classical aesthetics
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The ballet Pulcinella buy Igor Stravinsky. Composers as Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich.
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Premiere of Bolero
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Free non-tonal music
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use of twelve -tone series built from the chromatic scale.
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Premiere of Peter and the Wolf.
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Premiere of Carmina Burana.
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by the military expansion of the Nazi Germany.
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Conposes the Quarter for the end of Time.
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between the Capitalist Bloc, led by the UUEEand the Comunist bloc led by the URS.
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Based on chance and improvisation
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Becomes Popular
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Aleatoric music, Mussique concréte,Electronic music, electroacuostic music and Minimal music.
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Generación del 51, exchange ideas with the outside world . The most composers were Luis de Pablo and Cristóbal Halffter.
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Composes 4´33"
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.Naturalness and freedom of the movements.Notables Choreographers, Pina Baush.
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Composers: Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Boulez and edgar Verèse. Electrocoustic: German Karlheinz Stockhausen.
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Used sounds from the surroundings and modified them with technology.
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Steve Reich and Philip Glass.
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Become Popular
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Receives the United Nations Peace Medal
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Sony releases the wlakman
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Receives the National Music Prize
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The best-selling albun in history
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electronically -generated souns. Combined musique concrète and electronic music.
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Created simple, direct music with minimal resources for composing.
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Receives a Grammy Award
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First Performance of the opera Don Quijote