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Period: 1400 to
History of Educational Technology
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1452
Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg of Germany developed the printing press between 1452, and 1456. Gutenberg printed the first book ever, the Bible. Educators still use printers on a daily basis though they have been made digital. -
Modern Public Schools
Modern Public schools were founded. Public schools are full of educational technology. Public schools provide revenue for educational technology. -
Pencil
Nicolas - Jacques Conte creates the basis of the modern pencil by mixing graphite with clay and pressing the material between two half cylinders of wood. The use of pencil and paper makes it possible for students to save material for future study. Pencils are still used today. -
Calculating Engine - Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage's calculating engines are widely celebrated. Babbage was the first to realize that a computing machine includes: input device (the card reader, memory (the store), central processing unit (the mill), and the output device (the printer). The calculating engine calculated simple, and complex calculations. -
QWERTY keyboard - Typewriter
In 1868, Christopher Sholes invents the first typewriter with a QWERTY keyboard. The keyboard is still used in education. Keyboards are used with computers, and laptops. -
Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell creates the electrical speech machine, known as the telephone. This machine would one day make distance learning possible. This machine, the telephone, also could make the Internet possible. -
Chalkboard
The chalkboard was created. It could be used by students, and teachers. It was cheap, and efficient. It is used in front of the classroom. A chalkboard supports Dewey's theory of someone caring what I (the student) thinks. Students are able to share their work with the class. -
Educational Film
Visual literacy greatly aids in comprehension. Charles Urban showed nature films, including but not limited to the growing of plants and the metamorphosis of a butterfly. The earliest educational film includes the newsreel, travelogue, and the scientific motion picture. This is significant to visual learners as it relates to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory. -
Educational Radio
Educational Radio provided a way for people to gain information from listening. Educational radio suits the auditory learner from Gardner's multiple intelligence theory. Educational radio was popularly used by universities to share information with the campus, and with the community. I grew up listening to radio show called "Focus on the Family". -
Public Demonstrations on Television
The first public demonstration was conducted in 1927. Educational television shows vary. For example in more recent years, Bill Nye conducted science demonstrations. These examples of public demonstrations of television correlate with learning theories including the tactile learner. -
Overhead Projector
The overhead projector projected information. The overhead projector was first used to train WWII soldiers in the military. Later, the overhead projector was brought into schools. The overhead projector is replaced by document cameras, and other digital projectors. Gardner's multiple intelligence theory suggests that students can be visual learners, The overhead projector supports the Gardner multiple intelligence theory by providing the learner with a visual. -
Computer - ENIAC
ENAIC was the first computer that was introduced. It was introduced in Philadelphia. It was built out of 17,468 vacuum tubes. -
Computer Used for Instruction
The first computer used for instruction, a flight simulator trains MIT pilots. Today, there has been an increase in computers used for instruction, or training in the workplace. Computers used for instruction in the workplace contribute to personalized learning research. -
Educational TV Programs
Some accounts of the origin of classroom TV mark May 25, 1953 as the day when KUHT in Houston, Texas began broadcasting. In the 1950s, there was commercial programs . One program included the Continental Classroom. Educational television programs are significant because educational television supplemented education in some families. Some educational television shows include documentaries and learning shows. For example, Sesame Street eventually taught children their ABCs, and 123s. -
Headphones
In the 1950s, headphones were created. Headphones help the auditory learner. Headphones can be used with computers, and laptops. Headphones are still used today. -
IBM 650 becomes first commercially available computer
The IBM 650 becomes the first commercially available digital computer. It has a memory of 2 kilobytes. It cost $500,000. It was extremely expensive -
The first Ph.D is awarded in Computer Science
In 1965, the first Ph.D is awarded in Computer Science. The recipient is Dr. Wexelblat at the University of Pennsylvania. Computer Science is a fairly new academic discipline. -
Scantron
The scantron system of testing was introduced by Michael Sokolski in 1972. The scantron allowed for educators to grade multiple choice tests more quickly, and efficiently. Scantrons are still used today as research suggests that teachers are often times overworked, and stressed. -
Handheld Calculator
The handheld calculator entered the classroom in 1972. At first, people were cautious about using calculators since they didn't want to waste their intelligence. But, now calculators are now widely used in schools. -
MS-DOS is Created
MS-DOS is created in 1965. Bill Gates creates MS-DOS. MS-DOS is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. -
The Internet is Created
The U.S Department of Defense created the internet in the late 60s. Originally, they were creating the ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network. The technology expanded in the 70s, and 80s, and started to interlock with other networks. In 1990, the Internet became available to the general public. -
Apple Computer Sells First Personal Computer
Apple computer sells it's first personal computer. Apple computer is formed. Apple computer is popular in the computer industry even today. -
The First Computers Enter Schools
In 1977, the first computers enter schools. Schools brought computers, and it was big industry. Research shows that students are more engaged with technology. -
Computer based learning
Computer based learning was popular and is changing the game in education. Students have the opportunity to learn via YouTube, and other online modules.Students can use programs like Khan Academy. Students can pace their own learning, and become self taught on topics. Students research from Skinner submits to a theory promoting "programmed instruction". -
Technology Access Increases
Technology access steadily increases. 18% of United States public school students have 1 or more computers available for instruction. There is a goal with some educators to move schools to 1:1 on technology status. There is research that shows that students that practice with technology perform better on state tests than those who do not. See the FCAT math research case study. -
Apple introduces Macintosh Computer
In 1984, Apple introduces the Macintosh computer. The mouse, and the icon are major tools for computer interaction. And, the Macintosh computer is still popular. -
Apple releases it's first powerbook
In 1984, Apple releases it's first powerbook. Research suggests that more than half of university students own a laptop. I wonder how many people own a macbook or powerbook. -
Toshiba released it's first laptop
In 1985, Toshiba released its first mass market consumer laptop in 1985. The Toshiba was called T11000. Research suggests that more than half of university students own a laptop today. -
Computer Aided Instructions Introduced
During the 1970s, and throughout the 1990s, e-contents, e-learning, and web-based trainings increased. E-learning can correlate with personalized based learning theories. Teachers train using e-learning on safe school policies, and procedures. -
PDA
The first PDA, personal digital assistant, was released by Apple Computer in 1993. PDA's help organize people. Palm Pilots appeared later as well.
