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1780 - Early public schools adopt the teacher/manager model
teacher as the primary manger of instruction and assessment in a single classroom. -
First vacuum tube-based computers developed
universities help in computer development effort; technology used in war effort. -
1951 - Little technology used in schools, primarily TV;
; baby boom begins with resulting increases in class size; first-generation Univac computer delivered to the US census bureau. -
1954 - General Electric is the first business to order a computer
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schools still based on the teacher/manager model in individual teacher-controlled classrooms;
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1955 - IBM's first commercial computer is sold
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schools still based on the teacher/manager model in individual teacher-controlled classrooms;
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Mainframe host computers are not widely accepted in schools that are still using the si ngle classroom, teacher/manager method of delivering information to students.
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1959 - Transistor-based computers in use
the cold war continues with public support for the development of technology needed for space exploration. -
Vocational Education Act passes with new money supporting the use of technology in schools;
the mainframe and minicomputers in use at this time are using batch processing methods that do not fit well with the single teacher-as-manager-of-learning methods in use in most schools; -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act brings new money into schools for technology.
mainframes and minicomputers are put into place in some schools, but most are used for administration or for school counseling (databases for information a bout and for students). -
some programs designed to bring money for technology are canceled
host computers are not widely adopted in schools because they are seen as appropriate for use with the teacher/manager model of learning (they don't fit into the single classroom, but instead are accessed remotely by sending batches of data).< BR> -
mainframes and minicomputers in use in some schools, but very little use in the delivery of instruction
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- Intel's first microprocessor developed; the first microcomputers (PCs) are developed
mainframes and minicomputers are in wide use in business; a few software companies begin to develop mainframe and minicomputer- based instructional programs -
Some Apple 1 PCs are donated to schools; some schools have adopted mainframes and minicomputers and refuse to consider PCs
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15 Million PCs estimated to be in use worldwide
PC-based spreadsheets developed, mainframes and minicomputers still in wide use. -
The first educational drill and practice programs are developed for personal computers.
IBM is the first mainframe manufacturer to develop a PC; drill and practice CAI gains acceptance in schools -
the Apple II computer finds widespread acceptance in education because PCs better fit the teacher /manager model of instructional delivery
PCs can be used to "support" the ongoing teaching in the single classroom). Simple simulation programs are developed for personal computers. -
PCs can be used to "support" the ongoing teaching in the single classroom). Simple simulation programs are developed for personal computers.
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laptops are developed
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Multimedia PCs are developed; schools are using videodiscs; object-oriented multimedia authoring tools are in wide use
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Internet opens
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most US classrooms now have at least one PC available for instructional delivery
not all teachers have access to a computer for instructional preparation. -
schools and individuals create web pages
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many schools are rewiring for Internet access
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High-level programming languages such as Fortran are being taught are in universities. School vocational training programs begin to include computer maintenance;
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The growth of the internet expands far faster than most predicted. It soon becomes the world's largest database of information, graphics, and streaming video making it an invaluable resource for educators