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2500 BCE
The Abacus
The Sumerian abacus appeared between 2700–2300 BC. It held a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal (base 60) number system.
Abacus is the first known calculating machine used for counting. It is made of beads and rods. It is mainly used for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. -
The Rotating Wheel Calculator
It was first developed by a French Philosoper, Blaise Pascal.
It consists of gears and levers. This is an predecessor to today's electronic calculator.
This was a calculating device invented in 1642.
The calculator went through 50 prototypes.
The calculator was publicly presented in 1645.
Blaise Pascal invented the machine to help his father complete tax computations more efficiently. Pascal was only 18 when he invented the calculator. -
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662) was a French Catholic mathematician , physicist , inventor , author, and philosopher.
In 1642, young Blaise designed a calculating machine to help speed up figuring tax levies. -
The Difference Engine
It was built by Charles Babbage, Bristish Mathematician and Engineer.
Babbage is called the "Father of Today's Computer". -
vacuum tubes technology
The vacuum tubes technology was used by the first generation of the computers, which was invented by Lee De Forest in 1906. -
Period: to
1st Generation: VACCUM TUBE
The first generation of computer used Vaccum Tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
It can solve only one problem at a time. -
ENIAC
18000 vacuum tubes were used to build it in 1943. -
IAS machine
In 1952, IAS (Institute for Advanced Study) machine was built by Von Neumann at Princeton University. These machines still were built by using vacuum tubes that led to the store their program internally. -
Harwell CADET
The first fully transistorized computer was either the Harwell CADET, which first operated in February 1955, although the price paid for this was that it operated only at the slow speed of 58 kHz or the prototype IBM 604 transistor calculator. -
Period: to
2nd Generation: Transistors
The second generation of computer replaced Vaccum Tubes by Transistors.
Transistors used punched cards for input and printout for output -
IBM 1620
The IBM 1620 was announced by IBM on October 21, 1959, and marketed as an inexpensive scientific computer. After a total production of about two thousand machines, it was withdrawn on November 19, 1970. Modified versions of the 1620 were used as the CPU of the IBM 1710 and IBM 1720 Industrial Process Control Systems (making it the first digital computer considered reliable enough for real-time process control of factory equipment). -
IBM 7094
the IBM 7094, was first installed in September 1962. It has seven index registers, instead of three on the earlier machines. The 7094 console has a distinctive box on top that displays lights for the four new index registers. The 7094 introduced double-precision floating point and additional instructions, but is largely backward compatible with the 7090. -
UNIVAC 1100/2200 series
The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand. The series continues to be supported today by Unisys Corporation as the ClearPath Dorado Series. The solid-state 1107 model number was in the same sequence as the earlier vacuum-tube computers, but the early computers were not compatible with the solid-state successors. -
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3rd Generation: Integrated Circuits
Transistors were made smaller in size and placed on Silicon chips.
It increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
It can solve many problems at a time. -
IBM-360 series
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. It was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applications and to cover a complete range of applications from small to large. The design distinguished between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different prices. -
Intel 4004
Intel 4004 chip was the first microprocessor developed in 1971. The microprocessor is a silicon chip contains millions of transistors that was designed using LSI and VLSI technology. -
Period: to
4th Generation: Microprocessor
Thousands of Integrated circuits were built onto a single Silicon chip.
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the internet. -
Large-Scale Integration (LSI)
Large-scale integration (LSI) is the process of integrating or embedding thousands of transistors on a single silicon semiconductor microchip. LSI technology was conceived in the mid-1970s when computer processor microchips were under development. LSI is no longer in use. It was succeeded by very large-scale integration (VLSI) and ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) technologies. -
(Present and beyond) 5th Generation: Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation computers will come close to bridging the gap between computing and thinking
The fifth generation computers are still in development. Scientists are working on fifth generation computers. The main aim of fifth generation computing is to develop computers that are respond to surroundings using different types of sensors and capable of learning. Fifth generation computers use super large scale integrated (SLSI) chips that contains millions of components on a single chip.