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Early Computers
Early computers were very limited in their capabilities. They were used mainly for mathematical calculations. They were also very large and expensive, and accessible only. -
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Behavioristic CALL
Computers were used for repetitive lessons and gave the students feedback on their answers. Every student was able to progress at their own pace. -
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Communicative CALL
Computer programs were developed that accepted a variety of responses. The focus shifted from grammar and vocabulary drills to exercises that encouraged students to create their own sentences. Teachers used L2 in order to have a natural environment. Computer games were developed to teach language. Computers were used for stimulus. The PC was introduced in the late 1970s. -
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Integrative CALL
Educators began to move towards project based learning, assignments that integrate a variety of skills, instead of teaching the skills separately. Technology transformed into multimedia and the world wide web. With multimedia came CD ROMS in which students learn according to their needs and receive different forms of input. The internet made possible the access to a variety of resources in education. -
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Transformation of CALL
The digital technology expanded to create new and useful tools for learning, computers have been improved and new devices had been created to facilitate the process of education ( cellphones and tablets) as well as sites (kahoot, quizziz, online encyclopedias, etc.)