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Oct 23, 1494
Luca Pacioli creat the first system to management. It helps entrepreneur organize the information on cash and able to track cashflow
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"The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Simth published
Biography of Adam Smith
Simth escribed how changes in processes could boost productivity in the manufacture of pins. It is the textbook for modern business. -
Andrew Ure teach management principle at Anderson;s College in Glasglow
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Robert Owen Stated the Theory of behavioral Management
Theory of Behavioral Management
Owen Stated the Theory of behavioral management that that management must have concern on the worker's condition which affects the quality and quantity of his work. -
Charles Dupin called for industral training for labors
Taught courses similar to Ure’s management classes in France.
Unique Insights
Technical/manual work was different from managing others – “Special Study”
This “Special Study” could be taught rather than gained by experience alone.
Technological advancement did not lead to unemployment.
Through education, workers could share in industrial prosperity -
Andrew Carneaie - Frist man use vertical intergration as a Business strategy
ManagementTwo Main principle
1. Watch cost before anthing else
2. Set price at where it can keep the factory running at full capacity. -
Scientific management
A time lineFrederick Taylor decides to time each and every worker at the Midvale Steel Company. His view of the future becomes highly accurate"In the past man was first. In the future the system will be first." - Frederick Taylor
In scientific management the managers were elevated while the workers' roles were negated. -
Principles of efficence
Harrington EmersonHarrington Emerson, a scientific theorist, came up with 12 principles, five of which apply to management in general and are important to developing a managerial foundation. These principles are:
Have clear defined goals;
Use common sense when making decisions;
Appeal to competent people when seeking advice;
Be fair and consistent when applying rules and regulations;
Treat employees fairly and deal honestly with them. -
Taylorism
TaylorismThe Taylor Society publishes a revised and updated practitioner's manual: Scientific Management in American Industry. -
The Hawthorne Studies
The Hawthorne Elton Mayo becomes the first to question the behavioral assumptions of scientific management. The studies concluded that human factors were often more important than physical conditions in motivating employees to greater productivity. -
Organization Development
<a href='http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_management/management.html' >Organization Development
1946 - Organization Development
Social scientist Kurt Lewin launches the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His contributions in change theory, action research, and action learning earn him the title of the “Father of Organization Development:” the systematic application of behavioral science knowledge at various levels (group, intergroup, and total -
Socitechnical Systems Theory
Sociotechnical Systems TheoryA group of researchers from London's Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, led by Eric Trist, studied a South Yorkshire coal mine in 1949. Their research leads in the development of the Sociotechnical Systems Theory which considers both the social and the technical aspects when designing jobs. It marks a 180-degree departure from Frederick Taylor's scientific management. There are four basic components to sociotechnical theory: environment subsystem
social subsystem
technical subsystem
organi -
Psychotherapy to managerial work
Great Moments"Barriers and Gateways to Communication', by Carl Rogers and F.J.Roethlisberger, applies insights from psychotherapy to manageial work -
Hierarchy of Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
1954 - Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is published in his book Motivation and Personality. This provides a framework for gaining employees' commitment. -
Hygiene and Motivational Factors
Hygiene and Motivational Factors
Frederick Herzberg developed a list of factors which are closely based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, except it more closely related to work. Hygiene factors must be present in the job before motivators can be used to stimulate the workers. -
Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X and Theory YDouglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y principles influence the design and implementation of personnel policies and practices. -
Management Grid
<a href='http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_management/management.html' >Management Grid
Robert Blake and Jane Mouton develop a management model that conceptualizes management styles and relations. Their Grid uses two axis. "Concern for people" is plotted using the vertical axis and "Concern for task" is along the horizontal axis. The notion that just two dimensions can describe a managerial behavior has the attraction of simplicity. -
Action Learning
Action LearningAn Unheralded British academic was invited to try out his theories in Belgium — Action Learning — it leads to an upturn in Belgian's economy. Unless your ideas are ridiculed by experts they are worth nothing. - the British academic Reg Revens, creator of action learning: L = P + Q ([L] Learning occurs through a combination of programmed knowledge [P] and the ability to ask insightful questions [Q]) -
Contingerncy Management Theory
Contingency Management TheoryContingency management theory is one of many contemporary management theories that have come into widespread use since the 1970s. The basis for it is Fiedler's contingency theory, which combines ideas about uncertainty in the environment and external factors influencing work with context-specific features of leadership and decision-making. -
Performance Technology
Performance TechnologyTom Gilbert publishes Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance. It describes the behavioral-engineering model which become the bible of performance technology. Gilbert wrote that accomplishment specification is the only logical way to define performance requirements. Accomplishments are the best starting points for developing performance standards. In addition, accomplishments are the best tools for the development of performance-based job descriptions as they allow management to describ -
Competitive Strategy
Important momentMichael Porter's Petitive Strategy bring new rigor to the study of strategy -
Learning Organization
Learning OrganizationPeter Senge popularized the Learning Organization in The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. He describes the organization as an organism with the capacity to enhance its capabilities and shape its own future. A learning organization is any organization (e.g. school, business, government agency) that understands itself as a complex, organic system that has a vision and purpose. It uses feedback systems and alignment mechanisms to achieve its goals. It values team -
"The Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance"
Important MomentsEmphasize the inportance of nonfinancial performance measures -
"Creative Destruction" Published
Important momentsIn Creative Destruckion, Richard Foster and Sarash Kaplan explain how companyies can better sustain their performance by acting more like markets -
Birth of the "Management Guru Business
ExcellenceMcKinsey's John Larson asks his colleague, Tom Peters, to step in at the last minute and make a presentation that leads to In Search of Excellence. Thus Tom Peters spawns the birth of the “Management Guru Business.”
