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Paper on memex machine.
Vennevar Bush publishes paper on memex machine. -
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ARPA
In response, U.S. forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military -
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First paper on packet-switching theory
Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets". First paper on packet-switching theory -
IMPs.
ARPA mails out 140 Requests for Proposals to prospective contractors to build the first four IMPs. -
ARPAnet
ARPAnet commissioned by DoD for research into networking. First nodes were UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and University of Utah. Use of Interface Message Processors (IMP) [Honeywell 516 mini computer with 12K of memory] developed by Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) First node-to-node message sent between UCLA and SRI - which was also the first ARPAnet crash First Request for Comments (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker, written overnight in a bathroom so he wouldn't wake-up a -
ALOHAnet
ALOHAnet developed by Norm Abramson. ARPANET hosts start using Network Control Protocol (NCP). -
nodes
15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames. -
International Conference on Computer Communications
International Conference on Computer Communications with demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines and the Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) organized by Bob Kahn. (October) -
THEORYNET
THEORYNET created by Larry Landweber at Univ of Wisconsin providing electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a locally developed email system and TELENET for access to server). Mail specification (RFC 733) Tymshare launches Tymnet, competition for Telenet. First demonstration of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/SATNET operation of Internet protocols with BBN-supplied gateways in July -
USENET
Meeting between Univ of Wisconsin, DARPA, NSF, and computer scientists from many universities to establish a Computer Science Department research computer network (organized by Larry Landweber). USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.* hierarchy. ARPA establishes the Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) Packet Radio Network (PRNET) experiment starts with DARPA funding. Most communications tak -
BITNET
BITNET, the "Because It's Time NETwork" started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York, with the first connection to Yale.
Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute information, as well as file transfers. CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) built by a collaboration of computer scientists and Univ of Delaware, Purdue Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, RAND Corporation and BBN through seed money granted by NSF to provide networking services (especially email) to universi -
Internet Protocol
DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. (:vgc:) This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets. DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD (:vgc:) -
Bill Joy
Name server developed at Univ of Wisconsin, no longer requiring users to know the exact path to other systems. Cutover from NCP to TCP/IP (1 January) CSNET / ARPANET gateway put in place ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET; the latter became integrated with the Defense Data Network created the previous year. Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley UNIX which includes IP networking software. Berkeley releases 4.2BSD incorporating TCP/IP, with much of the programming done b -
NSFNET
NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56Kbps)
NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing power for all (JVNC@Princeton, PSC@Pittsburgh, SDSC@UCSD, NCSA@UIUC, Theory Center@Cornell). This allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities. NSF-funded SDSCNET, JVNCNET, SURANET, and NYSERNET operational Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB. First IETF meeting held in January at Linkabit -
Internet Worm
2 November - Internet worm burrows through the Net, affecting ~6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) formed by DARPA in response to the needs exhibited during the Morris worm incident. The worm is the only advisory issued this year. DoD chooses to adopt OSI and sees use of TCP/IP as an interim. US Government OSI Profile (GOSIP) defines the set of protocols to be supported by Government purchased products NSFNET backbone upgraded to T1 (1.544Mbps) C -
100,000
Number of hosts breaks 100,000 First relays between a commercial electronic mail carrier and the Internet: MCI Mail through the Corporation for the National Research Initiative (CNRI), and Compuserve through Ohio State Univ. First Interop conference in San Jose, CA, created to promote the use of TCP/IP packet-switched networking Countries connecting to NSFNET: Australia (AU), Germany (DE), Israel (IL), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), Mexico (MX),Netherlands (NL), New Zealand (NZ), Puerto Rico (PR), U -
ARPANET Gone
ARPANET ceases to exist Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is founded by Mitch Kapor and Stewart Brand Archie released by Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at McGill Hytelnet released by Peter Scott (Univ of Saskatchewan) The World comes on-line (world.std.com), becoming the first commercial provider of Internet dial-up access ISO Development Environment (ISODE) developed to provide an approach for OSI migration for the DoD. ISODE software allows OSI application to operate over -
NSFNET
Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the Univ of Minnessota World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) released by Philip Zimmerman NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps) NSFNET traffic passes 1 trillion bytes/month and 10 billion packets/month Defense Data Network NIC contract awarded by DISA to Government Systems Inc. who takes over from SRI in May -
1,000,000
Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered Number of hosts breaks 1,000,000 Veronica, a gopherspace search tool, is released by Univ of Nevada The term "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly -
NSFNET
NSFNET reverts back to a research network. Main US backbone traffic now routed through interconnected network providers The new NSFNET is born as NSF establishes the very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) linking super-computing centers: NCAR, NCSA, SDSC, CTC, PSC RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, lets the Net hear in near real-time WWW surpasses ftp-data in March as the service with greatest traffic on NSFNet based on packet count, and in April based on byte count Tradition -
Internet Phone
Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology (which has been around for years) MCI upgrades Internet backbone adding ~13,000 ports, bringing the effective speed from 155Mbps to 622Mbps. The Internet Ad Hoc Committee announces plans to add 7 new generic Top Level Domains (gTLD): .firm, .store, .web, .arts, .rec, .info, .nom. The IAHC plan also calls for a competing group of domain registrars worldwide. The WWW browser war, -
2000th RFC
2000th RFC: "Internet Official Protocol Standards" 71,618 mailing lists registered at Liszt, a mailing list directory The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is established to handle administration and registration of IP numbers to the geographical areas currently handled by Network Solutions (InterNIC), starting March 1998. 101,803 Name Servers in whois database -
Microsoft
Netscape releases the source code for its Netscape Navigator browswer to the public domain. Microsoft releases Windows 98. Months later the government orders Microsoft to change its Java virtual machine to pass Sun's Java compatibility test. Microsoft is taken to court for allegations of anti-trust violations. -
30th aniversary
• The Internet celebrates is 30th anniversary. • There are over 5 million domain names registered on the Internet. • There are approximately 100 million computers connected online. • Traffic over the Internet is doubling every 100 days. • The Internet economy is responsible for over 2.3 million jobs and over $507 billion in revenue. -
Big Merge
To the chagrin of the Internet population, deviant computer programmers begin designing and circulating viruses with greater frequency. “Love Bug” and “Stages” are two examples of self-replicating viruses that send themselves to people listed in a computer user's email address book. The heavy volume of email messages being sent and received forces many infected companies to temporarily shut down their clogged networks.
The Internet bubble bursts, as the fountain of investment capital dries up a -
Apple
It's estimated that Internet users illegally download about 2.6 billion music files each month.
Spam, unsolicited email, becomes a server-clogging menace. It accounts for about half of all emails. In December, President Bush signs the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (CAN-SPAM Act), which is intended to help individuals and businesses control the amount of unsolicited email they receive.
Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which allo -
Youtube
YouTube.com is launched. -
Microsoft
In a move to challenge Google's dominance of search and advertising on the Internet, software giant Microsoft offers to buy Yahoo for $44.6 billion.
In a San Fransisco federal district court, Judge Jeffrey S. White orders the disabling of Wikileaks.org, a Web site that discloses confidential information. The case was brought by Julius Baer Bank and Trust, located in the Cayman Islands, after a disgruntled ex-employee allegedly provided Wikileaks with stolen documents that implicate the bank in -
Apple
Apple releases new Ipod + Iphone + Nano
