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In this date Cánovas wrote a manifiesto, signed in Sandhurst, where he promised a constitutional goverment
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Was restored in Spain in 1875. The bourboun Restoration was made possible by two processes: the political manoeuvring anda pronunciamiento ( military revolution)
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Was founded by Pablo Iglesias and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period
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After death of Alfonso XII , the Restoration was maintained by the regency of Maria Christina while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child
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Catalan nationalism demanded official status for catalan language, the establishment of catalan political parties and courts, and catalan autonomy. Its proposals were declared in the Bases de Manresa, written by Prat de la Ribia.
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Spain was forced to sign the Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico y Filipinas.
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Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in 1902 in a plitical enviroment characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Catillo's political system, the influence of regenerations and the deaths of Cánovas anda Sagasta. His reing is divided in two stages: the continued practice of the party rotation and the crisis of the Cánovas system.
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After a war of habitants of the Rif this set off violent protests in Barcelona,which became knonw as the Tragic Week. The harsh repression by Maura's conservative goverment caused the liberals to break their pact of rotation with him.
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Abroad, Spain suffered a brutal Rif War against Morocco in what was knonw as the Disaster at Annual, resulting in 10 000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion
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The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera went throught two stages,which had two different governements: the military directory and the civil directory.
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As the king spported the dictatorship led to significant republican victories in the municpal elections for several mayor cities. The king went into exile and the second republic was declared
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After the second republic was proclaimed, a provisional goverment was formed, made up of republicans, socialists and nationalits who held elctions for the constituent Cortes in June 1931
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The new government halted the majority of previous reforms, which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-wing parties. CEDA then demanded position in the government. this sarked the October Revolution, which most intense in Asturias and Barcelona.
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Consisting of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists.
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The coup d'état began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta on 17 July 1936.The next day it spread thrughout Spain, having sucess in rural areas, yet feiling in the more industrialised urban areas. The country was divided in two zones, republican and nationalist, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War
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Involved harsh battles, as reflected by the bombing of gernika by the german air force condor legion. The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas
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The insurgents advanced, took Catalonia in 1939 and entered Madrid with no resistance
