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While industrialisation brought about an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard of living for some, it also resulted in often high unemployment and bad living conditions for the poor and working classes.
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They needed a new place to send convicts
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people were poor with no jobs, money and unemployment.
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There were many very poor people who had to turn to criminals just to survive. Stealing food so they wouldn't starve. The government made very harsh punishments for theft which meant the gaols were overcrowded.
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In 1770 Captain Cook had ‘discovered’ the east coast of Australia. He declared it to be ‘terra nullius’, which means “land belonging to no-one”, and on that basis claimed it all for England.
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The First Fleet of 11 ships, led by Governor Arthur Phillip, departed from Great Britain for Australia to begin European colonisation.
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They decided to move up further to settle in Sydney cove as it was a more suitable. It had a great harbour and was better to grow crops.
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Early in the morning, Captain Phillip landed at Sydney Cove, raised the British flag and proclaimed British sovereignty over New South Wales. This day is now celebrated as Australia Day.
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5 of 6 ships of the Second Fleet arrived. The colony was gripped by a food crisis.
European food was in short supply until the more regular arrival of ships and the beginnings of trade. Europeans relied heavily upon eating native game and fruits to feed themselves. Fish, oysters and a trade with Aborigines in kangaroos was the main diet of those around Sydney. -
Admiral Arthur Phillip RN was a Royal Navy officer and the first Governor of New South Wales who founded the British penal colony that later became the city of Sydney, Australia
Governor Philip returned to England, accompanied by Bennelong, who became the first Australian-born person to sail to Europe. Captain John Hunter was the next Governor when he left. -
John Macarthur imported Merino Sheep and started the Australian wool industry.
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The British people brought with them smallpox and this disease was spread to the aboriginal people who had never had this before.
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Macathurs wool business grew large and had fine quality wool and were able to sell it back to England.
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Australia's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales,opened in Macquarie Place, Sydney.
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The colony was starting to spread out across the country
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150000 convicts had been sent to Australia since the first fleet
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The wool trade collapses due to drought which is the countries major export. This results in lots of people unemployed.
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The finding of gold in Australia bought many people to the country in hope of getting rich. People came from many countries not just Britain. The gold rushes had a huge effect on the Australian economy and our development as a nation. 370,000 immigrants arrived in Australia and the economy of the nation boomed.
