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-Henry VII decides his marriage to Catherine of Aragon is unlawful; feels that the reason he doesn't have a male heir is due to his sin of marrying illegally
-Henry wanted a male heir, due to his misogynistic values, felt that a female heir was a danger to the continuation of a Tudor dynasty (last female monarch = Matilda in 12th
century= ruled around time of a civil war)
-Catherine was 42; less likely to produce any heir
-triggers the beginning of the reformation in Church -
-banned payment of annates to Rome; source of papal revenue in England was removed + challenged the function of the Pope as a leader
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-the clergy accepted the King and not the Pope as their lawmakers
-led to the resignation of Thomas More the following day -
-based on the Collectanea Satis Copiosa= transfer powers from Pope to the King
-king to become the supreme head of the Church
-Cranmer declares Henry's marriage to Catherine null and void (Pope had no power to rule over matrimonial cases) -
-marriage with Catherine of Aragon declared void
-marries Anne -
-confirmed First Act of Annates
-Abbots and bishops to be selected by King, not Pope -
-registered Henry's marriage to Catherine as invalid
-replaced by marriage to Anne
-crown passed to their children
-nation had to take an oath upholding their marriage -
-Supreme Head of the Church of England
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abolishment of tax payment to Rome
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-executed for 'heresy'; made comments against marriage of the king to Anne Boleyn
-she was a nun
-evidence of Henry's lack of toleration for religious diversity -
-King appoints him; his power significantly increases, being second only to the king
-in charge of ecclesiastical matters= HE IS RESPONSIBLE limitation; this position didn't continue, died with him -
-Carthusian monks
-Bishop Fisher
-Sir Thomas More -
-the 'Seven Sacraments' of Catholic doctrine were rejected
-leaving only three (baptism, the Eucharist, and penance)
-signified a clear move towards Protestantism -
-the smaller monasteries are dissolved (those worth under £200)
-used Valor Ecclesiasticus as evidence, even if it was fabricated evidence
-monks were rehoused and were trained to become secular priests
-greater monasteries were praised; was said it was a way of strengthening greater monasteries -
-gained momentum especially since the Lincolnshire Rising was happening
-started in Lincolnshire October; Pilgrimage of Grace spreads to West Riding of Yorkshire
-leader was Robert Aske
-combination of the dissolution + social + economic reasons (1536 Injunctions; attacking religion + resentment of taxation) -
-restriction on the number of holy days + discouraged pilgrimage
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- a very protestant version of the Bible, which has the King's permission
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-English Bible to be placed in all parishes within 2 years
-relics to be removed from churches -
-execution of a PROTESTANT man for his rejection of transubstantiation
-suggests Henry was committed to Catholicism -
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-marked radical shift in doctrine
-confirmed: transubstantiation + private masses + hearing of confession by priests
-banned: marriage of priests + the taking of communion by lay people -
-all monasteries were closed + land passed to the crown
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-restricted access to the English Bible to upperclass mean and noblewomen in private
-may suggest that Protestantism wasn't what Henry really believed and instead he used religion as a tool to advance power -
-also known as 'The King's Book'
-revised the Bishop's Book; defended transubstantiation + 6 articles
-was written by Henry himself -
-Sir John Cheke appointed as tutor of Edward (aged six)
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-evidence of Henry's continued commitment to parts of Catholicism
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-Henry named a heavily Protestant Council of Regency for his heir = ensured Protestant- influenced inheritance for Edward VI