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The Spartan were defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra, and their empire went into a long period of decline.
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Athenian leader Cleistheenes broke up the power of the nobility by basing the ten groups on where they lived rather than wealth.
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Draco developed a legal code based on the ideas that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law.He allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passsage. Then, he created the Council of FIve Hundred.It proposed laws and counseled the assembly.Councils members were chosen by lot or random. It allowed Athenian citizen to participate in a limted democracy.Citizenship was limited to small numbers of Athenians. Free adult males born in Athens were considered citizens.
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The Messenians were resentful of the Spartans' harsh rule and decided to revolt.
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Sparta conquered the neighboring region of Messenia and took over the land.
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Solon introduced democratic reforms. Stating that no citizen should own another citizen meaning Soloin outlawed debt slavery.All Athenian citizens were organized into four socila classes according to wealth. Only members of the top three class chould hold political office. All citizens could participate in the Athenian assembly. Legal concept was created by Solon. Any citizen would bring charges against wrongdoers.