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Some of them are the Falangists group, the Army (in charge of the state security), the schools, the Catholic church (which benefited because it was the only religion), and the large owners and businessmen (they benefited from the abolishment of the agrarian reform and from the absence of unions). They basically all benefited from the dictatorship and helped Franco with the system (controlling the population and reaching the country's self-sufficiency. -
The maquis were guerrilla groups that fought against the regime until the early 50s. These guerrillas moved through isolated mountain areas and they are called like that because of the Mediterranean scrub which was useful for hiding. -
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- The trade union movement developed which was led by the Worker's Commission.
- A neighborhood movement appeared also because they demanded improvements such as water supply, lighting, etc.
- The student movement at the University gained strength as the intellectuals expressed their rejection of the regime. The first protest was made to demand the recognition of freedoms in Spain (then the protests multiplied).
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It was a period of economic growth in Spain that occurred in the 60s. This meant an improvement in the standard living conditions of the population, cars in middle classes zones, and also new electrical appliances. Because of this, there was a high birth rate and consequence a decline in mortality. The rural exodus was caused by transformations in the countryside and the Spanish economy was unable to meet the job demand of the growing population, which is why a lot of people had to emigrate. -
There were a lot of social discontent which led to illegal underground unions. Franco's health was getting worse and there was the possibility of him dying so they wanted to have a future plan just in case he died. Franco appointed Luis Carrero Blanco as the head of government but in the same year, ETA killed him. -
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When Franco died they named Juan Carlos I the king and they wanted to establish a democratic monarchical country. Carlos Arias Navarro was kept as the head of the government and appointed several ministers. This wasn't successful and Adolfo Suarez was the new head of government and implemented a democratic system with some reforms included (the process also took a tense situation). -
The opposition to Franco increased, what is more, the Communist Party proposed a policy of national reconciliation in order to achieve an alliance with the opponent's parties. The PSOE started its reorganization and named Felipe González as the general secretary of the Congress of Suresnes. Some associations were also created such as the Democratic Convergence Platform. -
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As they were called elections, several parties were presented but only the Union of the Democratic Centre achieved to win. The most successful ones were the PSOE which almost won, the Communist Party, the Popular Alliance, and the Catalan and Basque nationalist parties. The new government drafted the 1978 Constitution and implemented the Statutes of Autonomy, here the democracy was finally reached. -
They separated the powers and implemented the Cortes made up de the Senate and the Congress of Deputies, rights and freedoms were recognized, it established a parliamentary monarchy, and there was the possibility of creating Autonomous Communities. Spain was also defined as a social and democratic state of law. -
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Spain joined NATO because it was the step before joining the EEC, and the PSOE tried to strengthen their relationships that could favor them the entry into the organization (for example France or United Kingdom). They also adjusted their economy to make it more competitive than the other countries. On the 12 of June Spain could finally sign the Accession Treaty and could enter the EEC.