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Miguel Primo de Rivera
He was born on Jan. 8, 1870, in Cádiz, Spain and died in March 16, 1930, in Paris, France. He was dictator of Spain from September 1923 to January 1930! He founded an authoritarian and nationalistic regime that attempted to unify the nation around the motto “Country, Religion, Monarchy.” He had success in certain areas, but his repressive government failed to create an acceptable political system. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com -
Carlists
A Spanish political movement of traditionalist character, originating in the 1820s in the extreme clerical party and mobilized in 1827 in the form of paramilitary Royalist Volunteers. The Carlists were defeated, thereafter they upheld their cause in the face of the constitutional regime of Isabella and unsuccessful attempts to effect a dynastic reconciliation. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com. -
The Red Terror
The Red Terror was carried out in post-revolutionary Russia by the Cheka headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky along with units of the Red Army. The Red Terror started as a result of an attempt to kill Vladimir Lenin by Fanni Kaplin in August 1918 and the murder of the Cheka leader in St. Petersburg. This failed assassination attempt on Lenin was used as a rationale for the secret police and the army to round up and deal with anyone suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. historylearningsite.co.uk -
Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right
A conservative political group that wanted to create a totalitarian state in Spain to protect christan principals. It failed and then members joined other groups. Mrs. Hilp. Personal reference -
Fascist Falange
A extreme nationalist political group founded in Spain in 1933 by José Antonio Primo de Rivera. Falange joined forces (February 1934) with a like-minded group, Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista, and issued a manifesto of 27 points repudiating the republican constitution.The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com -
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White terror
The white Terror was the series of acts of politically-motivated violence, rape, and other crimes committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War and during Francisco Franco's dictatorship.Britannica.com -
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Consentration camps
Thousands of men and women were imprisoned after the civil war in Francoist concentration camps, approximately 367,000 to 500,000 prisoners in 50 camps or prisons. In 1933, before the war, the prisons of Spain contained some 12,000 prisoners, but, by 1940, one year after the end of the civil war, there were 280,000 prisoners contained in more than 500 prisons throughout the country. -
Spanish Civil War
The war lasted from 1936–39. The military revolted against the Republican government of Spain, and was supported by conservative elements within the country. When the initial military coup failed to win control of the country, a civil war ensued, and was fought with great ferocity on both sides. The Nationalists received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as from International Brigades. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica.com -
Spanish coup of July 1936
A coup d'etat had established General Miguel Primo de Rivera as virtual dictator of Spain, though King Alfonzo XIII remained the royal figurehead. By 1930, growing opposition to de Rivera's right-wing government led to his resignation. The following year, popular elections threw out the monarchist government and forced the abdication of King Alfonso XIII. PBS.org -
Mass executions
there were 280,000 prisoners contained in more than 500 prisons throughout the country.The principal purpose of the Francoist concentration camps was to classify the prisoners of war from the defeated Spanish Republic; those men and women classified as unrecoverable (not able to work or very sick )were put to death and about 50,000 or more people were put to death. -
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Forced labor
After the war, the republican prisoners were sent to work in militarized penal colonies. Thousands of prisoners were sent to work on buildings and dams and highways. History.com -
Organic law of 1942
Under the current Spanish Constitution of 1978, an Organic Law has an intermediate status between that of an ordinary law and of the constitution itself. It must be passed by an absolute majority of the Congress of Deputies. The Spanish Constitution specifies that some areas of law must be regulated by this procedure, such as the laws developing fundamental rights and freedoms . Britannica.com -
Language politics
Language politics is the way language and linguistic differences between peoples are dealt with in the political arena. This could manifest as government recognition, as well as how language is treated in official capacities. Britannica.com -
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Cultural censorship
All cultural activities were subject to censorship, and many were plainly forbidden. often in an erratic manner. This cultural policy relaxed with time, most notably in the late 1960s and early 1970s. History.com
