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Edgar Sengier, managing director of Union Miniere, which controlled access to the uranium ore in the Belgian Congo. Also present was Frederic Joliot-Curie, who with his fellow scientists proposed developing and then exploding a uranium bomb in the Sahara Desert.
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Germans also wanted to purchase the heavy water supply, but France was able to outbid them.
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This invasion slowed down France's nuclear research considerably. Primary concern after invasion was to keep raw materials out of German hands.
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No program to build nuclear weapons was built along with the commission. The CEA was independent of the military establishment, and its first objective, the construction of a small reactor, was to be accomplished in the open.
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ZOE reactor was Zero power, uranium Oxide, Eau lourde [heavy water]. Employed for research and training and produce minute amounts of plutonium and radioisotopes.
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Joliot-Curie, a Communist, had become increasingly hostile to the notion of France developing a nuclear weapons capability, fearful that they might use it against the USSR
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French loss in IndoChina signaled end of French colonialism there and dealt a severe blow to French prestige. Development of an atomic bomb was seen as a means of restoring France's status, and ensuring a greater voice among the Western allies.
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CEA's nuclear development plan called for an extension of the basic nuclear infrastructure, including a graphite-moderated reactor and a chemical-processing plant to produce plutonium
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Reached full power in September of that year.
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Reinforced France's desire for nuclear weapons
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In July of that year supreme authority over France's nuclear program passed to Charles de Gaulle
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Plutonium device on a 344-ft tower detonated
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Device detonated early because OAS (French generals and settlers) revolted in "Revolt of the Generals" on opposition to de Gaulle's plan to disengage from Algeria. Detonating the device ahead of schedule ensured that it would not fall into the hands of Challe and his associates.
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France recognized its former colony's independence and agreed to turn over control of the Sahara in 5 years. By 1966 France would no longer be able to use it for testing, atmospheric or underground.
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Actual detonation points set up at Mururoa, Temoe, Fangataufa, Maria, and Marutea. The new sites were extinct underwater volcanoes.
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Result of China's pursuit of thermo-nuclear weapons, de Gaulle didn't want to be the last nuclear power to do so.
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