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13th Admendment
Was adopted in April 08,1865, eight months after the civil war ended. This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
Black Codes
Black codes were laws that were passed by Democrat controlled Southern states. A series of restrictive laws (Black Codes) were designed to restrict freed blacks activity. Also to ensure their availability as a labor force that slavery had been abolished. -
14th Amendement
Adopted July 09, 1868. Declared that all persons born in the US were citizens. Also that all citizens were entitled to any equal rights no matter what their race. Their right were protected by due process of the law. -
15th Amendment
Was passed by congress on February 26, 1870. It's one of the 3 amendments to the U.S. consitution passed during the era of reconstruction. Granted African American men the right to vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
Enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in 1950s. When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century. Ordered separate facilities for whites and blacks. -
Lynching
Originated as Justice killing someone usually by hanging. consider guilty of a crime without having a trial or able to even proven to be guilty. Between 1870-1940 there was over 5,000 documented lynching of African Americans for alleged crimes like, "looking crossed at someone. The last documents lynching was Micheal Donald in 1980. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy V. Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court in 1896. It confirmed state racial segregation laws, "separate but equal." For example having two different bathrooms, one for whites and another for colored. -
19th Amendment
Passed by congress on June 4, 1919 but it was ratified on August 18, 1920. The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. The amendment prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of wether you're female or male. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
Sharecropping and tenant farming began to fade in the 1930s. After the American Civil War the southern plantation owners were battling a challenge to find help working the lands that the slaves had farmed. Plantain owners used arrangements call sharecropping and tenant farming -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or gov. policy. Civil disobedience is sometimes equated with nonviolent resistance. -
20th Amendment
Was passed by Congress March 2, 1932. An Amendment that sets the dates at which federal government elected offices end. Also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector P. Garcia was a Mexican American World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. He was the first Mexican American member to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission and was also awarded the Medal of Freedom. He founded the American GI Forum in March 1948 in Corpus Christi, Texas. -
Nonviolent protest
The success of the American Civil Rights Movement and the fight for racial equality in the United States is evidence to the determination of millions of African American who fought against discrimination. A major factor in the success of the movement was the strategy of protesting for equal rights without using violent. -
Brown V. Ferguson
Dec. 09, 1952- May 17, 1954.
A landmark in which the case by the United States Supreme Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools from blacks and whites. The ruling court was the Supreme Court of the United States. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus in 1955. Rosa Parks helped begin he civil rights movement in the US. Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The lasted from December 05, 1955 to December 20,1956. A seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement. This boycott was a social protest and political campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transportation system of Montgomery Alabama. -
Orville Faubus
Faunus was Governor of Arkansas from 1955-1967. September 1957 Governor Faubus became the national racial segregation symbol. He was best known for his stand in the desegregation go Little Rock High School. Which caused him to ordered the Arkansas National Guard to stop letting African American students into the school. -
Desegregation
Desegregation started in the U.S. in September 1957, 3 years after the United States Supreme Court declared school segregation laws unconstitutional. Desegregation is the ending of the separation between two groups of races. This was a long focus of the Civil Rights Movement before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Enacted September 09, 1957. Protected voting rights and prevented interference in voting. It was the 1st federal civil right legislation passed by the United States Congress. -
Sit-Ins
Happened, February 01- July 25, 1960. A sit-in was a form of direct action that involved one or more people in an area of protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. Most well known sit-ins happened in Greensboro, North Carolina. -
Affirmative Action
The Affirmative Action was also known for the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within culture. It was first created from Executive Order, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy on March 06, 196. They required "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin." -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was a well known union leader and also a labor organizer. Chavez founded the National farm Workers Associations. His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee in its first strike against grape owners in California. With nonviolent methods. -
George Wallace
He was Governor of Alabama, he also ran for U.S. President for four consecutive elections. January 14, 1963 his excerpted speech appeared, " I say segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." George Wallace was pro- segregationist -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was a leading figure in the Women's movement in the United States. She was an American writer, activist, and feminist. Betty wrote a book The Feminine Mystique in February 19, 1963, she broke new ground by exploring the idea of women finding personal fulfillment outside of their traditional roles. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. MLK Jr. gave the "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1963, at Washington in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States. Over 250,000 civil rights supporters steps on the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., the speech was for moment of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Maddox was 75th Governor of the U.S. of Georgia from 1967-1971. on July 1964 Maddox waved a pistol and refused to serve three black Georgia Tech students at his restaurant. However he oversaw that there was many improvements to Blacks employment rights as governor. -
Head Start
President Lyndon B. Johnson created head start on January 08, 1964. This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate. It was a program to help meet the emotional, health, nutritional, social, and psychological needs for preschool aged children that come from low income families. -
24th Amendment
Passed on January 23,1964. Prevents Congress and the States from requiring a "poll tax" before you can vote. Congress prohibited any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Enacted July 02, 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on a persons race, religion, national origin, and female/ male. It also prohibits unequal to voter requirements, racial segregation in schools, public and also in employment. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
This act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, August 06, 1965. It overcame legal barriers at local and the state levels that prevent the african Americans from exercising their legal rights to vote. Even though they were protected by the 15th Amendment to the constitution of the U.S. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is a federally educational program within the United States. The goal of Upward Bound is to provide certain categories go high school students better opportunities for attending college. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the 1st African American Supreme Court Justice, he served from October 1967- October 1991, he was also Chief legal counsel for NAACP. He argued and won Brown V. Board of Education. He was a grandson of a slave and -
Federal Hosing Authority
The Civil Right Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of the legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and make it a federal crime to "force by or by threat or force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin." -
26th Amendment
Passed by congress on March 23, 1971 and ratified on July 01, 1971. Prohibits the government and also the States from not allowing the ability to vote based on age. The right for U.S. citizen to vote who are 18 and older, to vote shall not be denied. -
Title IX (9)
On June 23, 1972, President signed Title IX of the Eduction Amendments of 1972 into law. The Title IX is a wide ranging federal law that prohibits discrimination on either being female or male in any federally funded education program even an activity, but did not motivate the women's rights movement.
