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North Leaders
General Irvin McDowell (pictured)
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South Leaders
Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston, Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson~ This is the battle where Jackson got his nickname "Stonewall Jackson." (Jackson is pictured)
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Union Army
28,450 men
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Confederate Army
32,230 men
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Advantages/ Disadvantages of the North
Advantages~ they started the battle so they were better prepared for the initial attack
Disadvantages~ the battle was fought on enemy territory, smaller army
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Advantages/ Disadvantages of the South
Advantages~ fought on home ground, larger army
Disadvantages~ didn't know the initial attack was coming, it was a surprise so they weren't as prepared
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July 16, 1861
President Lincoln ordered McDowell to get an offensive together to attack quickly and efficiently to bring an end to this war. Although hesitant at first, McDowell led his men to attack the Confederate troops that were camped by Manassas Junction, Virginia. The Confederates were led by General P.G.T. Beauregard.
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When & Where
When~ July 21,1861
Where~ Manassas Junction, Virginia (25 miles from Washington D.C.)
In relation to the rest of the Civil War this was one of the battles in the very beginning of the war.
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Beginning of the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) was
On July 21, 1861 the Union army attacked the Confederates near Manassas Junction, Virginia. The North pushed about 4,500 Confederates back over the course of two hours while onlookers came from nearby Washington to celebrate a premature Union victory. Not much later and Confederate reinforcements arrived and they both exchanged attacks and counterattacks near Henry House Hill.
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End of the First Battle of Bull Run
At about four o’clock in the afternoon the opposing sides were even and had about 18,000 on each side. Beauregard, one of the Confederate generals, ordered a counterattack and as his men obeyed his order they yelled the “rebel yell.” (the “rebel yell” soon became a popular subject among Union troops) General McDowell ordered the Union troops to retreat across Bull Run (the river near the battlefield) and right into the people who had come to watch the battle on the countryside.
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The Aftermath
The Confederates won and this battle showed the Union that this wasn’t going to be an easy fight. North Casualties~ 460 killed, 1,124 wounded, and over 1,300 listed as missing or captured South Casualties~ 387 killed, 1,582 wounded, and only 13 listed at missing or captured (2) (4)
