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A Supreme Court Case addressing the monopoly placed navigation in New York laws. It upheld that navigation was interstate commerce and to be regulated by congress.
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Tied between Jackson and Adams and had to be voted by the Senate. Although Jackson won the popular vote, the Senate elected Adams, in what Jackson dubbed 'A Corrupt Bargin'.
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Construction of the canal allowed for cheap transport of goods west of the Appalachian Mountains to markets in the eastern United States and international trade.
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Intent on banning intoxicating factors, a large movement in the century, along with abolition and women's sufferage.
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Party started on basis of opposition to Jackson's party, and adopted the revolutionary position against big government. Members included John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay.
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The first edition of Webster's Dictionary is published.
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Raised rates to what mostly affected Southerners and their consumption of manufactored goods, which they had to consume since they did not produce their own.
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The first railroad was completed in 1828.By 1860 there was 30,000 miles of track, most in the North.
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Jackson won against the re-running Adams 178-83 electoral votes.
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Joseph Smith founds the Church of Later Day Saints, known simply as Mormonism.
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Gave the president the power to negotiate treaties with Native Americans concerning their relocation.
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Abolitionist William Llyod Garrison begins publishing his anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator.
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The Cherokee Nation filed a Supreme Court Case to protest the laws the state of Georgia was placing on them, most prominately in the case of land. The Supreme Court did not hear the argument because it stated the Cherokee nation was seperate from the United States, although dependant on it.
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Justice John Marshall ruled that the United States could not enforce any kind of rrestrictive authority over Native Americans because they operated independenty from the United States.
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Less harsh than the Tariff of 1828, but didn't satisfy the desires of the South. Led to the Nullifaction Crisis of 1832-1833
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Members of Congress pushed for the re-charter of the Second Bank of the United States four years before its expiration in 1836. Jackson saw the Bank of the United States as unconstitutional because it gave only a few people great power in the national economy.
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Andrew Jackson wins his second term in the White House by a large majority.
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The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded with the goal of advancing the ideas of emancipation.
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Jackson threatens to invade the rebelling state of South Carolina and hang conspirators "on the nearest tree".
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A scapegoat for the South Carolinians that did not want to go through with their threats of nullification. Promised to reduce tariff rates back to their staus of 1816 in eight years.
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Texas wins its independence from Mexico.
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Went to Jackson's succesor, Marton Van Buren, the former secretary of state, against the General William Henry Harrison.
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Caused by Jackson's reliance on gold and silver instead of paper money and his withdrawls of funds from the Bank of the United States,
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The steel plow makes the peice of equipment more durable and makes it easier for land to be cultivated.
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Cherokee Indians removed from their homelands in Georgia and surrounding areas to Indian Terrritory in the West. Thousands died during relocation.
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Harrison dies after only four weeks in office, Tyler takes over.
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Massachusetts declares labor unions legal,
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Extremely fast ships that dominated trade in the short time their were around. There were eventually eradicated by British tron tramp steamers, which were more reliable and thus more profitable.
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Polk defeats Clay in the "Manifest Destiny" election, and Polk did persue the idea of Manifest Destiny, aquiring more than a million square miles of territory for the United States.
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The famine sent about 1 million to live in Northeastern cities like Boston and New York (which became the city with the largest Irish population). Resentment built up against the Irish for their willingness to work for lower wages and their Catholic faith,
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Texas offically becomes the 28th State to join the Union, with the annexation order signed by President Polk.
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Brigham Young leads the followers of the Mormon Church to Utah, where they establish a religious community. Their capitol is Salt Lake City.
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Fought over the annexation of Texas, despite the Texan victory in the Texas Revolution. Ended in United States victory and the Mexican Session, which included most of the present South West.
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Developed by Elias Howe, the sewing machine made the production of textiles much for efficient and cheaper. Resulted in a higher demand for cotton and more factories opening in the North.
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Party exstablished with the goal of stopping slavery from expanding into the western territories.
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Large convention championing women's rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton read the "Declaration of Sentiments" and the whole affair pushed for the women's ballot.
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This political party had a policy of anti-immigration in the wake of the influx of new immigration during the 1840s and 1850s, especially by the Germans and the Irish. The party felt that the economic and political interests of Protestant white Americans would be compromised.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes a book that is widely popular even today, discussing the moral issues of Puritan society.
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Melville publishes his initially unpopular novel, Moby Dick, which is not appreciated widely until the 20th century.
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A series of bills that passed in 1850: California was accepted as a free state, the Wilmot Proviso enacted a stance of popular sovernty to determine slave state status, and the Fugitive Slave Act put a higher priority in returning escaped slaves back to the South.
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Maine is the first stae to pass a law prohibiting the consumption or sale of liquor.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe's book preaching the evils of slavery spreads abolitionist sentiments in readers in the North and Sourthern hostility to percieved ignorance in the North.
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Road spanning 591 miles that connected western Maryland to Illinois. Product of inter-state and federal aid.
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Bloody civil war in the Kansas territory over the issue of slavery in the area that was controlled by popular sovernty, precursor to the effects of the Civil War.
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A slave sued for his freedom since he'd been living in free territory. Scott lost, and slaves were lawfully regarded as property and not citizens, and it declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
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Debates given for election to the US Senate. Lincoln lost the election, but he gathered a large presense in the new Republican Party, and got noticed enough to be concidered to run as president.
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Although it had to be re-laid a short time later, Cyrus Field's cable connected North America and Europe for the first time through Newfoundland to Ireland.
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Brown raids Harpers Ferry in an effort to arm a slave rebellion. It fails, and Brown is caught and hung for his crimes.
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Carried mail forn St. Joeseph, Missouri to Sacremento, California, a two thousand mile journey in just 10 days. Eventually rendered useless by the use of the telegraph/
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Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States in a four canidate race.
