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Linneaus, or von Linee after being enobled, founded the hierarchial system of clasification
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Cuvier founded paleontology, and proved the idea of extinction to be fact
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Malthus believer that population was kept low by human suffering, and saw overpopulation as a threat to society. Darwin wrote that his writings inspired him.
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Lyell popularized the uniformalism first proposed by Hutton, that the world was shaped by slowly occuring processes.
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Lamarck proposed his own theory of evolution, that changing enviorments shape animals to change. While not hte first to have this idea, he was the first to come up with a formal theory.
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