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1930's - WWII - Systematic Training
Job Instructor Training (JIT) was developed as a method of training supervisors to instruct their workers in a timely manner. The JITs purpose was to teach first- and second-line supervisors how to teach their skills to others. (Estep, 2008) -
1940's - American Society of Training Directors was formed.
In 1942, (ASTD) formed during a meeting of the American Petroleum Institute in New Orleans, Louisiana. The development of leadership in the training function determined the need for management development programs (Estep, 2008). -
1950's - Behaviorism - Individualized/Programmed Instruction
In 1953, B. F. Skinner's book Science and Human Behavior was published. This introduced behaviorism as an area of study in education research. This concept of job analysis formed the basis for a new form of training - individualized instruction - which would answer businesses need for cheaper and more efficient training. (Estep, 2008) -
1960's Computer Based Training
Individualized instruction is automated through teaching machines - computer-based training. HPI/HPT; OD; Mager's model for training objectives; teaching machines; John Piaget's cognitive development; cognitivism; Richard Beckhard coins the term organization devlopment.. Organization development is formed which is a values-based approach to systems change in organizations and communities. (Estep, 2008) -
1970's - Case Study Methods
Sociotechnical-systems theory developed; sensitivity training/laboratory method (Chris Argyris); Malcolm Knowles's The Adult Learner (andragogy); Gagne's nine events of instruction (behaviorism); Jerome Bruner (constructivism) ; feminism; environmentalism; the gay rights movement (Estep, 2008) -
1980's - Assertiveness Training
As productivity slowed down in the US during the 1980's, many organizations began to focus closely on their training budgets, their bottom line, and how training budgets can help to achieve the bottom line. Assertiveness training; cost-benefit analysis; electronic workstations and laptops; cross-cultural training; competency-based training; large numbers of women enter the workforce; global economic competition; globalization (Estep, 2008) -
1990's - E-Learning
Advancements in technology were developed and e-learning, computer based training, and online learning started to become more appealing than traditional learning. E-learning allowed greater accessibility to training by minimizing costs for travel to training, time off of work to attend, and facilities; the learning enterprise, learning organizations. (Estep, 2008) -
2000's - Present
Behaviorism continues to have a strong influence on learning. New models of instructional design has evolved. Measurement in the field of training and development is stronger. Just-in-time learning; m-learning; skills gap; certification; rapid proliferation of new technologies; games, MP3 players, Web 2.0; collaborative learning; knowledge management systems (Estep, 2008) -
Reference
Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: Association for Talent Development. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/896136449?accountid=458
