-
Period: to
WWII and Post WWII Era
At the outset of World War II the training profession developed to accomodate the many new individuals entered the workplace in order to replace those who were enlisting in the war. -
On the Job Training
During WWII, most training was done in a side by side manner. This was considered job instructor training, and was the initial reaction to the ever growing workforce. -
Human Motivation Theory
Abraham Maslow publised A Theory of Human Motivation (1943) in the Psychological Review Journal. In the article, Maslow theorized the hierarchy of needs model. This motivational model reported that higher needs, such as self-actualization, is expressed after lower needs are first fulfilled (Clark, 2010). -
Period: to
Instructional Design System
The Instructional system design was developed in the 1950-60's as educational technology development began to model the systems approach processes emerging within the military and industrial worlds (Clark, 2010). -
B. F. Skinner
Behaviorism emphasizes the role of environmental factors in influencing behavior, to the near exclusion of innate of inherited factors. This amounts essentially to a focus on learning, and is used to advance the learning profession (McLeod, 2007). -
Training Evaluation
In 1956, as part of his doctoral dissertation, Donald Kirkpatrick writes about the four levels of training evaluation. These four levels, reaction, learning, behavior, and results, become the standard for training evaluation used even today. -
Cognitive Development
Piaget develops his learning stages theory. Piaget is credited for developing new fields of scientific study and developmental psychology. From and adult learning perspective, Piaget advanced the idea of constructivism. This method is used by many learning professionals today. -
Period: to
Sociatechnical System Theory
-
ASTD and Trainer Competencies
ASTD, the American Society of Training and Development, create a Model for Excellence. This model discussed the competency models that increasingly positioned the field of training and development as a part of human resources work. -
Period: to
e-Learning
With the integration of computers into everyday life, a great leap towards technology based learning starts. -
Performer Support Tools
Performer support tools, which are tools designed to reduce the amount of formal training by aiding the performer in the moment, begin to be used. Advances in technology help launch a new way of thinking about "user friendly" applications. -
Impact of Constructivism
Constructivism continues to be the most used model in adult education. The emphasis on chunked and stacked learning, aided by computer based programs, make this the go to technology for many adult learning professionals.
