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Eastern Pennsylvania State Institution for the Feeble-Minded and Epileptic
Later, the institution would be known as Pennhurst. The institution was split into two parts, one for education and the other for custodial/asylum purposes. As the original name states, it was created to house those with physical, mental, and intellectual disabilities. It was overcrowded from the beginning. -
Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded opens
see Buck v. Bell. -
The Mental Incapacity Act of 1913 (UK)
• Deemed "feeble-minded" or "morally defective" • Many disabled people living in hospitals, special schools and care homes were known to have suffered severe emotional and physical abuse. • 65, 000 people were placed in "colonies" or in other institutional settings. -
Buck v. Bell (Virginia)
The ruling stated that the sterilization of residents of state-funded institutions who are found to have a hereditary form of disability (seems to mostly include psychiatric or intellectual/developmental/learning disabilities) was legal. This power was considered to be covered under the Fourteenth Amendment. -
UK Polio Afflicted Children
• Polio contracted children were habitués of hospitals for individuals with disabilities.
• Brutal Nursing Care
• Solitary style de vie -
Tuskegee Infantile Paralysis Centre's Inauguration
• Ubiquity: Near the Piemonte plateau of Montgomery, Alabama.
• Institute for colored infants (African Americans) with paralysis African Americans were traditionally associated with easily contracting Polio virus.
HELA Cells -
The Arc Baltimore
The Arc Baltimore (founded 1949), an organization that provides advocacy, resources, and support to disabled folk, has a community living division. This division's staff provides support to disabled people in their own homes, but also has options for support in group homes and other kind of shared-space living situations. -
Poliomyelitis in the US
Ackron Children's Hospital of Ackron, Ohio -
1962: Ed Roberts Fights for Admission to University
1962: Ed Roberts Fights for Admission to University
Ed Roberts, a young man with polio, enrolls at the University of California, Berkeley. After his admission is rejected, he fights to get the decision overturned. He becomes the father of the Independent Living Movement and helps establish the first Center for Independent Living (CIL).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxLHgPegRic -
Group Homes / Supportive Housing
Ideal for those who cannot live independently, but have some independence. Provides a social setting that many people would not get if they lived with their parents or family. -
Staten Island's Willowbrook State School
1975: Staten Island's Willowbrook State School Finally Shuttered
New York Governor Hugh Carey signs the Willowbrook consent order, closing down a state institution notorious for its horrible conditions—broken plumbing, not enough doctors or medical supplies, patients living in filthy residences with no clean clothing. Forever changes ideas about community-based care for people with developmental disabilities.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlgRXdHvkgQ -
Triform Camphill Community (NY)
Founded in 1979, Triform is a community that is currently set up specifically for developmentally disabled young adults, in order to provide these young adults with meaningful work and a healthy, supportive social environment. Triform is part of the Camphill Community movement, which is based around promoting a therapeutic, meaningful way of life in a caring community. -
Reich Founds National Organization on Disability
1982: Reich Founds National Organization on Disability
Alan A. Reich founds the National Organization on Disability (NOD) in 1982. NOD's mission is to expand the participation and contribution of Americans with disabilities in all aspects of life and to close the participation gap by raising disability awareness through programs and information. -
Pennhurst Closes
20 years after the public is made aware of the conditions in Pennhurst, ,and a few years after the Halderman v. Pennhurst case (1977), it's finally shut down. -
Mandated Accessible Housing in New Projects
Mandated Accessible Housing in New Projects
The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 expands on the Civil Rights Act of 1968 to require that a certain number of accessible housing units be created in all new multi-family housing. The act covers both public and private homes and not only those in receipt of federal funding. -
Funding for Youth Information Centers
2004: Funding for Youth Information Centers
The Administration for Developmental Disabilities begins to fund Youth Information Centers (YICs). Modeled after Parent Training and Information Centers, YICs are designed to be run by and for youth and emerging leaders with disabilities, promoting a youth-led agenda and providing services within the disability community. -
Intermediate Care Facilities (ICF Homes)
People offer their home to someone with disabilities and become their care provider. In return, the care provider gets a salary based on the disabled person's needs and added perks of being a care provider. -
Section 8 increases in popularity
Section 8 is a government voucher that allows for those with disabilities to live in the community. Section 8 landlords must meet strict guidelines to maintain their landlord status.
Best for those who can live independently (or close to it).
