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The first time the federal government involved itself with a local disaster occurred when Congress passed legislation to provide financial assistance to a New Hampshire town affected by a devastating fire.
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President Franklin Roosevelt created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to reduce flooding in the region and to create hydroelectric power.
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The Cold War began. Civil defense programs were established throughout the United States resulting in the building of local bomb shelters to protect communities and their residents from a potential nuclear attack by the Soviet Union.
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This Act addressed the national secuity needs of the nation and established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
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Civil defense programs were established throughout the United States resulting in the building of local bomb shelters to protect communities and their residents from a potential nuclear attack by the Soviet Union.
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During the 1960s, the United States was struck by numerous natural disasters: earthquake in Alaska and hurricanes in Florida and Texas, resulting in massive flooding and tremendous loss of life. One hurricane in particular, Hurricane Betsy in 1965, caused damage in the coastal regions of Florida and Louisiana, resulting in the federal government creating the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
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The federal government investigated how its emergency management capabilities were organized and by the end of the decade, those capabilities were extremely tested. As part of these reviews, it was concluded that more than 100 federal agencies were involved in some aspect of risk mitigation and disaster recovery. It was a fragmented approach with parallel organizations engaged in turf battles and a confused reaction to disaster management. Governors were particularly sensitive and concerned, so
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FEMA was created in response to the Three Mile Island nuclear incident. The purpose of FEMA was to managing all of the Nation's disasters.
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The early and middle 1980s saw FEMA facing many challenges, but not dealing with significant natural disasters. FEMA continued as a bifurcated and disorganized agency. As the decade came to a close, FEMA was an organization in chaos. In 1989, several devastating events occurred: hurricanes in the Carolinas and Florida and a huge earthquake in the Bay Area of California. FEMA was not prepared to respond and the worst was yet to come.
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In 1992, one of our nation’s worst natural disasters hit the coast of Florida. Hurricane Andrew caused extensive damage and was one of the most destructive hurricanes ever recorded in our nation’s history. FEMA’s failure to respond was witnessed by Americans all across the country as major news organizations followed the crisis. People wanted and expected the government to be there to assist in this time of need, however, FEMA seemed incapable of carrying out essential government emergency manag
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Upon his arrival in Washington in 1993, President Clinton elevated FEMA to a cabinet-level agency and appointed his former Arkansas colleague James Lee Witt as the FEMA director. Mr. Witt was from a group that had created FEMA–state directors of emergency management–and he assumed his position with the objective of building partnerships and serving the various stakeholders involved in emergency management.
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Also known as the sarin attack on a Tokyo subway, specifically the Kasumigaseki Station, Marunouchi Line.
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Public Law 104-201, commonly referred to as the Weapons of Mass Destruction Act was enacted after a variety of terrorist attacks at home and abroad.
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Currently known as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
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The Hart-Rudman Commission Report, also known as the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century recommended that a National Homeland Security Agency be established.
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President George W. Bush purposed the legislation known as the Homeland Security Act to establish the Deparment of Homeland Security. It was first introduced and debated in the U.S. House of Representatives.
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President Bush signed Public Law 107 - 296, also known as the Homeland Security Act, establishing the Department of Homeland Security. The Act call on DHS to develop a "comprehensive national plan for securing the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States."
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Included the creation of a National Incident Management Systems (NIMS).
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Included the creation of the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC).
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The National Infrastructure Protection Plan, NIPP, was initially released in June 1996 as a framework to ensure the safety of the Nation's infrastructure. This document was later revised in 2009 to meet the evolving needs of the Nation.
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President George W. Bush issued National Security the Comprehenisve National Cybersecurity Initiative as part of Presidential Directive (NSPD) 54 Cyber Security and Monitoring.
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Congress extended several provisions of the Patriot Act such as roving wiretaps.
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States are now required to complete a THIRA to qualify for Homeland Security funding.
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Also known as the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Act of 1996
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Almost everyone of the federal agenices named in the Homeland Security Act began to move into the new homeland security department.
