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Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were laws made to maintain racial segregation after the Civil War. Separate parks, separate water fountains, and separate public transport were just a few ways that the Jim Crow laws separated African-Americans and whites. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was an educator, leader, and advocate of racial solidarity and accommodation. He created what is now Tuskegee University in Alabama and the National Negro Business League. Booker T. Washington was one of the most prominent African-American leaders of his time. -
Tuskegee Institute
The Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) was created for the purpose of training teachers in Alabama. It is now an HBCU and was home to George Washington Carver and the Tuskegee airmen. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Passed by Congress under Chester Arthur and fueled by nativism, the Chinese Exclusion Act banned entry for all Chinese laborers into the United States. -
Interstate Commerce Act
This law passed by Congress made the railroads subject to federal regulation. Public demand that railroads be related and for the rates to be "fixed and just" was a key factor in the passing of this law. -
Jane Addams-Hull House
The Jane Addams-Hull House was a settlement house (organizations that provided education/employment/childcare to the poor). This was the first settlement house in the U.S. and it aimed for educated women to share their skills with the poorer people in the neighborhood. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act made monopolies and any attempts to monopolize illegal. This was to promote and ensure free competition in commerce. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This court case continued the allowance of constitutional racial segregation. Jim Crow laws and public accommodations based on race became prominent. Part of the "separate but equal" doctrine. -
Assassination of President McKinley
President McKinley was the 25th president, serving from 1897-1901. Leon Czolgosz was the assassinator, who wanted to advance anarchism. McKinley was shot at the Pan-American Exposition (a World's Fair) in the Temple of Music. -
Coal Miner Strike of 1902
This strike was a turning point in the American labor movement. Miners went on strike because they wanted more pay and better work conditions. They eventually got a 10% increase in wages and 9-hour workdays. This also advanced Teddy Roosevelt's presidential authority and reputation. -
Ida Tarbell- "The History of Standard Oil"
Ida Tarbell was a muckraker and author of "The History of Standard Oil". An exposé about the oil monopoly run by John D. Rockefeller and its unfair and soon to be illegal practices. -
Niagara Movement
The Niagara Movement was founded by W.E.B. Dubois, William Monroe Trotter, and Mary Burnett Talbert. This movement opposed racial segregation and fought to bring about legal change in the African American community. The Niagara Movement demanded equal rights strongly, differing from other organizations at the time. -
The Jungle published
Written by Upton Sinclair, The Jungle exposed the harsh working condition in meatpacking plants as well as the appalling conditions of the meat itself. The publication led to new federal food safety laws. -
Roosevelt- Antiquities Act
The Antiquities Act created legal protection of cultural and/or natural resources that were are historic and/or scientific interests. Roosevelt used the passing of this act to establish national monuments. -
Federal Meat Inspection Act
The federal meat inspection act prohibited the sale of tampered with or misbranded livestock. This also made sure that livestock was inspected before slaughter and made sure that the meat was processed in sanitary conditions -
Food and Drug Act
The Food and Drug Act of 1906 banned interstate sale of tampered and misbranded food and drugs. This act started to lay the foundation of the U.S.'s first consumer protection agency (Food and Drug Administration) -
Muller v. Oregon
Muller v. Oregon upheld an Oregon law that limited the amount a woman could work. It was argued that this was unconstitutional as it was a violation of a woman's right to choose their own employment. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Oregon to protect women's health. -
Taft Wins
William Howard Taft (Republican) defeated William Jennings Bryan (3-time Democratic nominee) in the 1908 election. -
NAACP formed
The Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created by W.E.B Dubois, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, and Mary White Ovington. This civil rights organization was founded to combat the ongoing violence and discrimination against the Black community. -
W.E.B. Dubois
W.E.B. Dubois was a historian, writer, activist, and the most important Black protest leader in the U.S. during the early 20th century. He also helped to create the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1909. He opposed Booker T. Washington's view of accepting discrimination. -
Urban League
The Urban League founded by George Edmund Haynes and Ruth Standish Baldwin was one of the five major civil rights organizations (The Big Five). The league sought to combat Black unemployment rates and to support civil rights. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire was a deadly fire that could've been easily prevented. The factory was overcrowded and the employees overworked. The fire spread quickly and without proper exits, many were trapped inside. -
16th Amendment
Congress can enforce and collect an income tax without regards to a state's population -
Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal
Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal was made to improve the overall well-being of people by preventing poor workplace safety and labor abuses. This deal had 3 C's: Conservation of natural resources, Control of corporations, and Consumer protection. -
Department of Labor established
The Department of Labor was established by President Taft hours before Woodrow Wilson took office. The department was created to develop and uphold the welfare of job-holders and retirees. -
Wilson Elected
Wilson defeated Republican incumbent Taft in the 1912 election. His campaign promised tariff, banking, and business reform, and to protect private industry. The KKK experienced a major revival during his first term. -
17th Amendment
Senators are now elected by the people, not the legislature. -
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
This tariff created lower taxes for imports and exports. Since a loss of revenue would occur because of the lower taxation, an income tax was created and placed on U.S. residents. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System and established that as the central bank of the U.S. This act regulated banking and provided the nation with a safer financial system. -
Clayton Antitrust Act
This act made boycotts, strikes, and labor unions legal. It also prohibits discriminatory pricing and anti-competitive mergers, and allows individuals to sue a company due to unfair practices. -
Trench Warfare
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare that involves the defense strategy of digging trenches. Trench Warfare was common in WWI and was a breeding ground for diseases. -
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC's job is to protect consumers and competition. They prevent unfair methods of commerce and competition. The commission also enforces federal antitrust laws. -
Federal Trade Commission Act
The federal trade commission act prohibits unfair acts and/or business practices, in order to protect the consumer. -
The Birth of a Nation
Originally called "The Clansman" this film helped revive the Ku Klux Klan by the highly biased recount of the Civil War and Reconstruction. This piece of political propaganda was banned in several cities and caused riots in others, despite this it was still a box-office smash. -
Lusitania Sunk
A german operated submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British-owned luxury steamship. This attack killed 128 civilian Americans, raising tensions between the U.S. (then neutral) and Germany. -
Rise of KKK (early 20th century)
The U.S. was going through many social, cultural, technological, and economical changes during the 20th century because of all these changes many of the American peoples experienced cognitive dissonance. They could not cope with the changes and this caused an influx of people to join the KKK. -
Zimmerman Telegram
The British intercepted a telegram from Germany to Mexico, where Germany offered Mexico U.S. territory if they would join the German cause. The interception of this telegram was a factor in convincing the American public that they should be sending soldiers to the fight in Europe. -
Wilson Asks for War
Wilson asked for war because of the Zimmerman telegram as well as Germany's violation of its promise to stop unrestricted submarine warfare. -
Espionage Act
The espionage act passed under Woodrow Wilson's presidency, made it illegal to share/obtain information that may hinder or negatively impact the U.S. and U.S. military. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment started the era of Prohibition. The manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol was banned and enforced one year after this amendment was ratified. -
Wilson-Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson's 14 points were principles for peace to end WW1 that included the creation of the League of Nations and equal trade conditions. -
Hammer v. Dagenhart
Hammer v. Dagenhart was a court case that overturned the Keating-Owen Act (Act that regulated child labour). -
Sedition Act
Extended on the espionage act. This act made it illegal to speak/write/publish anything negative toward the U.S. as well as making it illegal to inhibit the productions of goods "necessary" to the war effort. -
Versailles Peace Conference
The Versailles Peace Conference was a meeting of 32 countries to layout and determine the terms of peace after WWI. Germany was not allowed to participate. The League of Nations was created at the conference. -
Treaty of Versailles to Senate
President Woodrow Wilson personally delivered the treaty to Senate. -
Wilson Stroke
While Wilson had multiple strokes, he had a near-fatal one when he returned from Washington. He had returned to Washington after collapsing of exhaustion in Colorado. -
Armistice Day
The armistice (the ending of the war) was signed on November 11. Armistice Day was to commemorate the ending of the war. -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was created to prevent another happening of the tragedy of WWI. It was an international diplomatic group that wanted to promote and maintain world peace. The U.S. proposed the idea, but never joined it. -
Muckrakers
Muckrakers were a group of writers in the Progressive Era who wanted to expose the corruption and problems within big businesses and the U.S. government. They influence the passage of legislation that would strengthen worker and consumer protection. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote. Voters could no longer be denied the right to vote because of their sex.
