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The Albany Congress
The British Government, the colonial leaders and some Iroquois had a meeting in Albany, NY. The meeting was to form an alliance with the British,Colonies, and the Iroquois to defeat the French. The Iroquois rejected the offer because they thought that the French would win the war. Benjamin Franklin thought of a plan called the Albany Plan of Union. I This meant that they could have authority over western settlements, relations with Native Americans and they could organize armies. -
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French and Indian War
French, Indians vs British, colonists, Iroquois. Both wanted control of the Ohio River Valley. The British won the war. When the french lost they lost all of there land in North America. -
Treaty of Paris
After losing Quebec France could no longer defend its North American territory. After this in Paris the British and the French signed the Treaty of Paris. France ceded to the British and gave them French Canada to The British, The British also gained all other land east of the Mississippi and all land west of the Mississippi besides for New Orleans and they got Spanish Florida. -
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Pontiac's War
The leader of the Quebec nation, Pontiac formed an alliance of western Native Americans.They attacked British forts that were in the area and nearly half a dozen British forts were destroyed and at least 2,000 back country settlers were also killed.The British responded and they had killed many Native Americans who had not attacked them.The British finally defeated them at a battle near Fort Pitt. Then Pontiac continued to fight for another year but was defeated again and the war was over. -
The Proclamation of 1763
Britain wanted to avoid further wars with Native Americans.Therefore British government issued the Proclamation of 1763. It banned colonial settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. Settlers were told they had to move to a location east of that line. This angered many settlers who had to move. The proclamation was widely ignored and it was almost impossible for the British to enforce this. -
The Sugar Act
The British tried to impose new taxes on the colonies to make up the debt from the French and Indian War. This put a duty or import tax on several products, such as molasses. There was also a harsh punishment for smugglers. Colonial merchants who sometimes traded in smuggled goods, protested. The act was boycotted and repealed the act. -
Stamp Act
In 1765 the Parliament passed another unpopular law called the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act required that all colonists buy special tax stamps for all kinds of products and activities. The stamps had to be placed on newspapers,wills,licences,insurance policies,land titles,contracts, and other documents. Protest against the Stamp Act were widespread. Virginia also declared that they could tax on their own. The act was protested against The Stamp and Sugar Act were both repealed. -
The Quartering Act
One year later from the sugar act, parliament past the Quartering Act. The Quartering Act was used to save money. Britain kept 10,000 soldiers in the colonies. The act was to make colonists house or quarter the soldiers. They had to supply British troops with food and other supplies. The colonists once again protested a girly and the act was not repealed. -
The Boston Massacre
In Boston an angry crowd of workers and sailors surrounded a small group of soldiers. They yelled at them as well as throwing rocks and snowballs. The frightened soldiers shot at the crowd, killing five and injuring six. The soldiers were arrested and tried for murder. Only two soldiers were convicted. The punishment was having there thumbs branded. -
Tea Act
The Tea Act was passed in 1773 and it was intended to help the British East India Company, one of Britain's most important company. The Tea Act actually lowered the price of the tea by allowing the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies. Some colonists reacted angrily to the situation because it gave the East India Company a monopoly or a total control over a market for a certain product.This hurt many colonial merchants because they couldn't compete with the East India Company. -
Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists called the Sons Of Liberty soon organized in the port cities to stop the East India Company tea from being unloaded.No tea was unloaded in New York, Philadelphia, and other ports but the Boston Government decided to unload the tea.On December 16, 1773, a large crowd gathered in the harbor and the a large group of men disguised as Native Americans boarded the ship and during the next three hours they threw 342 cases of tea into the harbor.That tea worth thousands of dollars. -
The Intolerable Acts
In response to the Boston Tea Party the British King George the third,set up 4 laws. The first act closed the port of Boston. The second increased the power of the royal government and abolished the uppers house powers of the Massachusetts Legislature. Finally the fourth law strengthened the 1765 Quartering act and they also passed the Quebec act that which set up government territory taken from France in 1763. The Congress demanded an repeal but that never happened. -
The First Continental Congress
Twelve of the the thirteen delegates meet in Philadelphia to dismiss the Intolerable Acts and declared that the colonies had the right to tax and govern themselves. It also called that the colonies could have there own militias. They also boycotted British goods. They voted again and there demands weren't met. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
General Thomas Cage, the new governor of Massachusetts learned that the minutemen of Concord were storing arms.He sent 700 troops to seize the arms and capture important colonial leaders A signal got passed around by colonial spies like Paul revere telling the towns the British are coming.5 miles from Concord is Lexington where 77 minutemen lineup waiting for the British.The battle in Lexington killed 8 Americans.In Concord there was another battle happened in Concord killing 300 British troops. -
Battle of Fort Ticonderoga
An important battle took place in northern New York. A daring band of colonists made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Leading the force was Ethan Allen, a blacksmith. There was a force of 83 men surprised the British in the night and early morning. The fort was important for two different reasons, first it controlled the main route between Canada and the Hudson River Valley,also it held valuable weapons,especially cannons. The Americans needed cannons to match the powerful British weapons. -
The Second Continental Congress
As the crisis in Britain deepend, the Second Continental Congress came together in Philadelphia. The Delegates from New England wanted to declare independence and the middle colonies wanted less drastic measures. They all felt that they should get ready for war and make a army. The congress chose George Washington to be the commander of the army. They took steps to pay for the money by printing paper money. -
Battles of Bunker and Breeds Hill
About 1,600 American troops occupied Breed's Hill looking over the city. From this position they could fire at British ships in Boston Harbor. Nearby Bunker Hill was controlled by the Americans.The British decided to attack straight up Breed's Hill.The Americans waited until the British were only 150 feet away then they fired.The British attacked three times before the Americans had to rebel because they were out of ammo.1,000 British soldiers were either injured or wounded to the Americans 400. -
Olive Branch Petition
After the battles of Concord and Lexington the colonists still believed that the could have peace with the British. The first resolution was called the Olive Branch Petition and was sent to King George. The petition got its name from a symbol of peace back in ancient times. The effort to make peace failed and King George did not even look at the petition. Instead he voted to sent 20,000 more soldiers to the colonies. -
Invasion of Quebec
Richard Montgomery, left from Fort Ticonderoga to lead a attack to Quebec. The Americans attacked Quebec during a severe snowstorm. The attack was turned back. Montgomery was killed and the Americans had to stay outside Quebec until May 1776, when the British landed new forces in Canada. Weakened by the disease and hunger, the Americans withdrew and left Canada. -
The British withdraw from Boston
The British could not defend the city no longer they withdrew from the city by sea and never returned. Although the Americans won in Boston the war was far from over.