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Jim Crow Laws
- Any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.
- Any "person of color" was separated from the whites.
- Led many African Americans to hope for a new life in the north.
- Great Migration
- Created by Thomas Dartmouth Rice (white actor)
- Jim Crow - character - clumsy, dumb African Amerucan slave
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The Crisis
- Established by The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- W.E.B Du Bois
- Edited
- Published African American writers' works
- Articles included current events, editorial commentary, essays on culture and history, short stories and poems, reviews, art work, and reports on the achievements of people of color worldwide
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Period: to
The Great Migration
- 90% of African Americans lived in south in 1910
- Threats to their lives
- Segregation
- Hope for for equality
- South economy was falling and north was booming
- Industry was succeeding
- Opportunity for better jobs
- Relocation of more than 6 million African Americans
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Period: to
World War I
- 350,000 to 400,000 African American serving in WWI
- Saw opportunity to gain equality
- Moved from south to north to gain respect and equality
- The Harlem Hellfighters = first all-black regiment - Came home February 1919 to a parade celebrating them - From 5th avenue to Harlem
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First All-Black Broadway Play
- Written by Flournoy Miller and Aubrey Lyles
- Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake = music and lyrics
- 63rd Street Musical Hall
- All black play
- Spread black theater, music, and culture -Brought jazz
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Period: to
Louis Armstrong
- From a poor family in New Orleans
- A jazz trumpeter and singer.
- Performs in small clubs with bands
- 1922 - Chicago - Creole Jazz Band
- 1924 - New York - Fletcher Henderson Orchestra
- 1929 - Broadway
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The Cotton Club
- Located in the Harlem neighborhood on 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue.
- Operated by white New York ganster, Owney Madden. - Used this club as an outlet to sell his "#1 Beer"
- Club closed several times for selling alcohol
- Club originally meant for the white upper class
- Shows were musical revues
- Duke Ellington led the band - orchestra gained national popularity
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Period: to
Langston Hughes
- Most prolific writer of the Harlem Renaissance.
- Literary works helped shape American literature and politics.
- Wrote with the rhythmic meter of blues and jazz.
- Promoted equality and condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality through poetry, novels, plays, and essays.
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The Civic Club DInner
- Held in Manhattan at the Civic Club on Twelfth Street off Fifth Avenue.
- Established in 1917 by NAACP
- One of the few places in NYC that welcomed both black and white members. - 110 people attended
- Guests: African American writers, and many influential white editors and publishers. - Included: Charles S. Johnson - editor of "Opportunity"
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Period: to
Great Depression
- Caused Harlem Renaissance to fade - Already made an effect on future generation
- Lost jobs (2-3 times as much as whites)
- Received less aid and were sometimes refused aid because they were African American
