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The French and Indian War
a. The cause of the French and Indian land was over land. (Ohio Valley River)
b. English colonist wanted to expand west - French and Indians resist, Albany Plan of Union was created o unite the colonies
c. The English and colonies won but England ended up with a lot of war debt, so the started increasing taxes on the colonist.
-Treaty of Paris Feb. 1763 - required France give up nearly all their land
-Proclamation 1763 Oct. 1763- reserved land west of the Appalachian Mountains for the Indians -
Proclamation of 1763
a. The Proclamation reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for the Indians.
b. The colonies resented and many colonist had a desire to defy the proclamation. -
Sugar Act
a. The Prime Minister George Grenville was responsible for the Sugar Act
b. The Sugar Act attempted to curb the smuggling of sugar and molasses in the colonies by reducing the previous tax rate and enforcing the collection of duties.
c. The Sugar Act was designed to crack down colonial trade with countries other than Britain, while increasing revenue to pay British debt.
d. Colonists formed an organized boycott of luxury goods imported from Great Britain. -
Quartering Act
a. The act did require colonial governments to provide and pay for feeding and sheltering any troops stationed in their colony. -
The Stamp Act Congress
a. 27 representatives of nine of the colonies were involved in the stamp act congress.
b.The stamp act congress took place at the Federal Hall in New York City
c. They declared and affirmed that they were entitled to the rights and liberties of all British subjects. Most importantly they asserted their right to “No taxation without representation”.
d. The colonial petition was rejected on the basis of having been submitted by an unconstitutional assembly. The Stamp Act was eventually repealed. -
Stamp Act
a. first internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British government.
b.The stamp act imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies, came at a time when the England was deep in debt from the Seven Years’ War and looking to the colonies as a revenue source.
c.The Sons of Liberty, paraded through the streets with an effigy of Andrew Oliver, Boston’s stamp distributor, which they hanged from the Liberty Tree and beheaded before ransacking Oliver’s home. -
Declaratory Act
a. The declaratory Act was a measure issued by British Parliament asserting its authority to make laws binding the colonists “in all cases whatsoever” including the right to tax. -
Townshend Acts
a. Charles Townshend was responsible for the Townshend Acts
b. The Townshend Acts taxed goods like lead, paper, glass, and tea from England.
- writs of assistance: custom officers could search any house for smuggled goods.
c. the money would be used in hopes the acts would defray imperial expenses in the colonies
d.The colonial response was the boston Massacre.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/townshend-acts -
Boston Massacre
a. A squad of British soldiers, come to support a sentry who was being pressed by a heckling, snowballing crowd, let loose a volley of shots.
~ Three persons were killed immediately and two died later of their wounds; among the victims was Crispus Attucks, a man of black or Indian parentage.
~The British officer in charge, Capt. Thomas Preston, was arrested for manslaughter, along with eight of his men; all were later acquitted.
~ sometimes referred to as the start to the revolution. -
Boston Tea Party
a. The Sons of liberty were responsible for the Boston Tea party
b. British Parliament adjusted import duties with the passage of the Tea Act in 1773, which led to this event.
c. ~Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty dressed up like Indians and then boarded three ships in the Boston harbor
~ threw 342 chests of tea overboard.
d.The British responded by passing the Intolerable Acts
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-boston-tea-party -
Quebec Act
a. the Quebec Act was passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763. It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law.
b. The increased of American resentment towards British rule in North America. -
Intolerable Acts
a.Mainly affected by the laws were New England and Boston
b. the Intolerable Acts shut down the Boston harbor until all the tea that was dumped in the harbor was paid off.
c. The colonial response to the intolerable acts was forming the first continental congress
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-parliament-adopts-the-coercive-acts -
First Continental Congress
a. Fifty-six delegates from all the colonies except Georgia. Patrick Henry, George Washington, John Adams, and John Jay were among the delegates.
b. Continental Congress convenes at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia.
c. declaration of rights and grievances
d. created to boycott all contact with British goods.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-continental-congress-convenes -
Battle of Lexigton and Concord
a. British troops marched from Boston to Concord in order to seize an arms cache. Paul Revere and other riders sounded the alarm, and colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. A confrontation in Lexington town green started off the fighting, and soon the British were hastily retreating under intense fire.
b. Lexington and concord are considered the first battles of the Revolution
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battles-of-lexington-and-concord -
Second Continental Congress
a. Sam Adams, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, and George Washington were some of the delegates.
b. They met at in Philadelphia
c. The purpose of their meeting was to create a continental Army
d. The result of their meeting was the writing the declaration of independence and the olive branch petition -
Battle of Bunker Hill
a. The battle occurred in Massachusetts
b. The redcoats stormed the hill three times but were forced to retreat.
c. The British won, but the colonist inflicted a significant amount of causalities.
d. The colonial reaction was it gave them an important confidence boost that they could win the battle. -
Common Sense
a. The author of common sense was Thomas Paine
b. The explanation of the pamphlet was to encourage and support the idea of independence from Britain.
c. The significance of the pamphlet was that it helped persuade undecided colonist to support the independence -
Declaration of Independence
a. The declaration of independence was written by Thomas Jefferson.
b. The declaration of independence was signed on July 1776
c. The significance of the declaration of independence was that it formally announced the break away from England.
d. the three main ideas were unalienable rights, life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness and the strong belief in the social contract -
