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Congress of Vienna
Conference of ambassadors of European states with the objective of setting issues arising from the French Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This resulted in the redrawing of Europe's political map, establishing the boundaries of France, Duchy of Warsaw, Netherlands, the states of Rhine, German Kingdom of Saxony, among others. The Congress of Vienna was an attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe. -
Belgian Revolution
Conflict which led to the secession of the southern provinces from the UK and Netherlands and established an independent Kingdom of Belgium. On August 15, 1830 the revolution began, it was culminated on July 14, 1831. The London Conference recognized the Belgian independence, and Leopold I was now the King of the Belgians. It was not until 1839 that the Dutch accepted the decision of the London Conference and Belgian independence by signing the Treaty of London. -
Greece revolts and becomes independent
In 1453 Greece was under the control of the Ottoman Empire, during this time there were Greek revolts against the Ottomans attempting to gain independence. In 1814 a secret organization called Filiki Eteria was founded, with the aim of making Greece independent. The Greek Revolution was a successful war of independence lead by the Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1832. After years of negotiation, Greece was finally recognized as an independent nation in May 1832. -
Serbia revolts and becomes independent
The Serbian Revolution was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia (1804-1835). During this period Serbia evolved from an Ottoman province into a modern country and constitutional monarchy. From 1804 to 1815 there was a violent struggle for independence from the Ottomans. Later Serbia witnessed a peaceful alliance of political power, in 1835 they finally adopted their first written Constitution. The nationalism that Serbia experienced made the foundations of modern Serbia. -
Italy Unifies
Victor Emmanuel and Cavour had united most of Northern Italy. Giuseppe Garibaldi, a strong nationalist, was building support for a single Italy. Unlike Cavour who wanted Italy to be a monarchy, Garibaldi wanted a republic. After a couple of revolts he quickly controlled the two kingdoms. Garibaldi turned it over to Victor Emmanuel, in exchange Emmanuel agreed to a constitutional monarchy. -
Germany Unifies
Nationalism is all over Europe, but Germany is still separated into 39 different states ruled by nobility. After the Congress of Vienna the unification of Germany began with economic reforms. Prince Otto Edwards Leopold (president of Prussia) was the mastermind of the German Unification and became the first head of government of the united nation. Prince Otto worked to create a German Empire dominated by Prussia. In 1817 Prince Otto declared the German empire under his leadership. -
Austria-Hungary becomes united under one leader
Austria-Hungary becomes united under one leader, but remains independent. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, under which the House of Habsburg agreed to share power with the separate Hungarian government, dividing the territory of the former Austrian Empire between them. The Austrian and the Hungarian lands became independent entities enjoying equal status.