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This age covered the time of the fall of the Roman Empire to the rise of the Ottoman Empire. Other major events include: the Black Plague, the rise of Islam, and the Crusades.
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The Holy Roman Empire was a political institution in Europe that was modeled on the ancient Roman Empire. This monarchy encompassed many territories in central Europe, such as present-day Germany, Austria, the Netherlands.
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The East–West Schism, also called the Great Schism and the Schism of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches.
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During this time period, European scholars and artists were "reawakened" (direct translation of the word 'renaissance') to the ideals and achievements of classical Roman culture.
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The Black Death was mortal epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia that killed around 100 million people worldwide.
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The reformation was a revolutionary attempt to reform the Catholic Church. It started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517.
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The Scientific Revolution refers to the rapid advances in modern science in Europe. An example of such an advance is the astronomical discovery that the sun was the centre of the universe.
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The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism, presenting a challenge to traditional religious views. It emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith.