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The Serbian Revolution
The Serbs were the first Balkan people to revolt and were lead by Karageorge and Milos Obrenovic. The Serbs in their fight for independence had support from Russia, who shared their Slavic heritage and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The fighting took a huge toll because Serbian literature and culture was flourishing, which strengthened Serbian nationalism. -
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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was the assembly of European leaders and the goal was to piece Europe back together. The conservative forces were victorious at the Congress of Vienna. The conservatives included noble landowners, church leaders, kings, and their officials. Their goal was to preserve the old political and social order. -
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Greeks Revolt Against Ottoman Rule
In 1821, Greeks revolted against the Ottomans. The revolt against the Ottomans was meant to regained the rights of individual liberty. The Greeks gained support from Lord Byron, English poet, and in the late 1820's, Britain, France, and Russia forced the Ottomans to grant independence to some Greek provinces. -
Greeks Gain Independence
In 1830, Greece became independent. Greece, however, had to accept Otto von Wittelsbach, a German prince, as king because of pressure from the European powers. The European powers wanted to show that they did not support nationalist revolutions. -
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The July Revolution
After the death of King Louis XVIII in 1824, his younger brother, Charles X, inherited the throne. Charles X believed in absolutism, and in July 1830, he restricted the press, he limited the right to vote, and he suspended the legislature. This caused angry citizens in Paris to throw up barricades across the narrow street, and within a few days rebels had control of Paris. -
Polish Nationalist Defeated
In 1830, Polish nationalists began an uprising. This uprising was partially because the Congress of Vienna in 1815 failed to restore their homeland, instead giving most of Poland to Russia. Landowners, Polish students, and army officers were involved in the revolt, but they were suppressed by Russian forces. -
Belgium Wins Independence
Sparked by the Paris uprising in 1830, the Belgians were ready to revolt. Belgian students and workers threw up barricades in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. The Dutch king hoping for help called upon Britain and France, but they denied his request because they could possibly benefit from the splitting of Holland and Belgium. Belgium then became independent in 1831 and set up a liberal constitution. -
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The June Days
During this time, the upper and middle class had control over the government, and as a result national workshops were closed because they were "a waste of money." Workers and bourgeois liberals became furious because of this, and they turned violently against the protesters. This attack lead to the death of at least 1,500 people, and it could have been more if the government would not have defeated the rebellion. -
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The Civil War
The Civil War was a battle between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America. The eleven southern states left the Union so that they could keep their slaves. The Civil War was won by the Union, and slavery was abolished. -
Serbia Becomes Independent
An agreement that was made in 1830 gave the Serbs complete control over their own internal affairs. European countries, however, did not acknowledge Serbia's independence until 1878. Serbia and Russia maintained a connection, and Russia saw Serbia as a protector that had won their freedom.
