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Epidemics in Europe
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Plague Hospital in Vienna
Unknown Artist engraved " Plague hospital in Vienna" which illustrates the effects of plaque in Austria. Bubonic plaque is a disease caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted by rats. Vienna experienced devastating loss of population due to this epidemic. As a result, the plaque killed 76,000 people. The Viennese plaque notably was one of the first epidemics controlled by modern approaches as hospitals and medical treatment. -
Jenner Tests Vaccination on Humans
Randy Alfred engraved "Jenner Tests Vaccination on Human Subject" which illustrates Jenner injecting a small boy with cowpox. In the 18th century in Europe, 400,000 people died yearly from small pox and many went blind. Small pox is an infectious disease caused by two viruses known as variola major and variola minor. Edward Jenner scientifically attempted to control the disease by vaccination. The mortality from smallpox had declined but it was not under control. -
Cholera hit Industrial Revolution
An unknown artist drew " Disease in Industrial cities in the Industrial Revolution" in 1831 which illustrates a stinky man with cholera arising from contaminated river. The disease spread easily because most people drank from river water. In 1831, London was hit by cholera, which killed 7000 people. Officers were commissioned to investigate public sanitation. Later discoveries contributed to the construction of a new sewer network in London. -
Nightingale nursing in Crimean War
Robert Riggs drew “Florence Nightingale in Crimean War" in 1855 which illustrates Nightingale nursing soldiers who were affected by Dysentery. In 1854, the outbreak of dysentery killed many soldiers in southern Ukraine. Dysentery is an infection of intestines that leads to diarrhea with passage of mucus and blood. Her work made the public health sector receive national attention. In 1859, Florence Nightingale established her famous nursing school called St-Thomas hospital in London. -
Influenza during Great War
U.S. Army photographed " Camp Funston KS-Influenza Hospital" in 1918 which depicts soldiers laying in bed with influenza. Influenza is a disease that is transferred to people by airborne droplets or infected animals. The influenza pandemic killed 20 to 40 million people.President Woodrow Wilson suffered from the flu when negotiating The Treaty of Versailles to end the World War. The public health department concluded that wearing gauze masks would prevent pathogens from transmitting through air. -
Napoleon’s Army has Typhus
Unknown artist painted “Napoleon’s Disastrous Invasion of Russia 200 Years Ago” in 1920 illustrating his army effected by typhus. Typhus is a disease caused by rickettsiae that are transmitted by lice, ticks, mites or rat fleas. There was 200,000 to 300,000 deaths. Many of his men experienced fever due to typhus. Napoleon was unable to make Russia surrender due to the military’s weakness caused by typhus. The typhus epidemic played a vital role in the destiny of Napoleon's army.
