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Period: to
Enlightment period
During the XVIII century some European philosophers, especially from Grate Brittan and France, began to say that society needs to change. Theirs ideas gave birth to a new coltural moviment called ENLIGHTMENT -
Enlightment philosophers thoughts
The "Enlightment philosopher" who belonged to this new coltural moviment wanted to ILLUMINATE human beings with the light of REASONS & SIENCE
and they especially critisaized
THE CHURCH & ANCIENT REGIME -
Immanuel kant
Immanuel kant was a pholosopher who gave the explenation of enlihgtment:
- A reasoning man like an adult who can take care of himself and make his own decisions.
- A man who doesn't use his reason is like a child who needs other people to make decisions for him and tell him what he has to think. -
I Delitti delle Pene
In Italy, one of the most important enlightened philosophers was Cesare Beccaria. In 1764 he wrote "Dei Delitti e delle Pene", a book where he criticized the use of torture and death penalty in Europe. According to Beccaria, the effectiveness of criminal justice depends largely on the certainty of punishment rather than on its severity. Penalties should be scaled to the importance of the offense. -
The first Encyclopedy
In order to start spreading science and knowledge as much as possible, two ?philosophers called DENIS DIDEROT and JEAN-BAPTISTE D'ALEMBERT had the idea ?to create a very important literary work.... The Encyclopedy,
which The middle class where sposed toread it.
