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People in the Valley of Mexico had built the city of Teotihuaca, 300 years later it was one of the greatest cities in the world.
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Germanic people from the north toppled the west half of the Roman Empire.
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In about 700 BC Hopewell people built in the hills and might have been invaded.
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In about 750 Teotihuaca collapses evidence points to a violent end with rulers being murdered and temples burned.
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Islam quickly sread southward in Africa.
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West Europe starts regaining strengthafter chaos of collapsing trade and savages invade.
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An army of Muslims from northwestern Africa conquered Ghana, and it's capital, Kumbi.
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Crusades were a series of wars to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
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End of 1200s empire of Ghana ceased to exist.
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The rights of Englishmen were first written down in the Magna Carta (Great Charter).
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The rights of Englishmen were first written down in the Magna Carta ((Freat Charter).
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In about 1300 AD both the Hohokam and Anasazi cultures went into decline.
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Mali's most famous ruler, Mansa Musa came to power.
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Mansa Musa goes to Mecca , the loy city of Islam in Arabia.
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In about 1325 people from the Valley of Mexico settle in a snake invested island, in Lake Texcoco and make the city of Tenachtitlan.
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When Mansa Musa died iin 1337, Mali was a powerful empire, then they started to decline.
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Portuguese voyagers had reached the mouth of the Senegal River.
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Johannes Gutenberg perfected a press that uses movabe metal type.
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Sunghai had been a part of Mali, in 1465 Mali was lead by Sunni Ali, Sunghai took control of Mali.
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Porguese first sailed across the Equator.
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Portuguese builds fort on the west coast of Africa.
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Colombus approached the king of Portugal with the idea that the ocean isn't as wide as people thought, and if you sailed across long enoughyou will end up in Asia.
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Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the tip of Africa.
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Colombus was going to give up on Spain and offer his service to France. Then Spain defeated the Moors and achieved the dream of an entire christian Spain, and Queen Isabella was ready to sponsor Colombus' dream. So he set of and the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria let at dawn.
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In 1492 the Southeast Indians lived in a region of abundants rain. This was the region of the Mississippian culture. In 1492 that culture was declined.
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In 1492 three ships led by Christopher Colombus landed in the Americas.
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10 weeks after departure, the crew wasn't comfortable with the living conditions. Colombus' crew requested to turn back. Then Colombus convinced them to sail three more days.
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Pinta sighted land (might have been the Bahamas). Colombus named it San Salvador.
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Sunni Ali dies.
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The Pope established a Line of Demarcation, an imaginary line running north to south, dividing the world in half. Portugual could claim all non-Christian lands to the east, and Spain could claim such lands to the west.
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The Treaty of Tordesilla positioned the Line of Demarcation.
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Songhai's new leader, Askia, goes on his pilgramage from 1495-1497, he was said to compete with Mansa Musa's pilgramage to Mecca.
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Vasco Da Gama sets out following Dias' route around the Cape of Good Hope and found India.
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Giovanni Coboto set out from England and with a crew of 18 men crossed the Atlantic Ocean in two months and reached the north east coast of North America.
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Coboto sailed east for England and he was never seen again.
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In about 1500 bc Olmec people introduced traditions and skills that would influence Meso America for centuries.
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Five groups of the northern Iroquois, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca joined together in a league.
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Portuguese brought hristianity to West Africa in the 1500s.
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Amerigo Vespucci explored South America's coast for Portugal. He said, "I have found a continent more densely populated and abounding in animals than our Europe, Asia, and Africa. We may rightly call this new continent the New World.
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Hernan Cortes left Spain for Hispanola. He there became a rich and respectful colonist.
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Colombus died.
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Colombus died.
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Juan Ponce de Leo led the first exploration to Puerto Rico. He found gold.
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Spnish conquistados invaded Jamaica.
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Diego Velazquez conquered Cuba. Velazquez terrorized and massacred the Arawak.
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Balboa went to the new Spanish settlement, at the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama. There he heard of a reports that their was another ocean. He then organized a large expidition to find it.
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Juan Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Puerto Rico, sailed north from Puerto Rico. He then found land that he named Florida, which means flower covered.
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Las Casas, after settling in cub he became a priest. He thought how can you serve God, and enslave Indians? So he freed his Indians and gave up his land grant. He tried to conine others to do the same.
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Johann Tetzel, a Roman Catholic Monk, was selling forgiveness from sins.
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The king of Spain was introduced to Ferdinand Magellan, who sailed with Portuguese to India and the Spice Islands. Magellan offered his services to the king, that he would find a water passage around the Americas by sailing south.
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Ann expedition came from Cuba with gold taken from the Idians on Yucantan. Cortes organized an expedition to explore the mainland.
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Cortes dets out for Tenochtitlan. Along the way he met Indian groups who became his allies.
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Magellan left Spain, and sailed to South America. The expedition spent the winter on the South tip of South America. In the spring when they set out again Magellan found what he was looking for, a straight between the two oceans.
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Cortes landed on the coast of Yucantan. He was challenges by a Maya army of 12,000 soldiers. He then sent his small cavalry onto the field. Armored men on horses with weapons scared away the Maya army.
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Cortes launched a full scale attack on the Aztec. Then the small pox came to Mexico, weakning the Aztec.
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After hearing news of gold in Mexico, Ponce de Leon returned to Florida. 200 men landed on the west coast. The Indians resisted the Spanish, and in battle Ponce de Leon was killed by an arrow.
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One of the ships that left with Magellan was the Victoria. After three years of circling the globe it finally came back to Spain.
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Three years after leavng Spain and circling the globe, the Victoria came back home.
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Verranzano sailed westward for a north west passage. He followed the Atlantic Coast northward from nowday North Carolina. He was the first European to visit the New York Bay.
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King Afonso, ruler of the Kongo kingdom, protested the African slave trade in a letter to the king of Portugal. One quote from that letter was, "Everyday there slave merchants take our people to be sold as slaves. So great this corruption and evil, that our country is becoming completely depopulated."
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Narvarez sets out for Rio Grande, but heavy winds came and blew the ships off track and they ended up in Tampa Bay.
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Narvaez splits up his group, half sail to Rio Grande, and the other half go by land. Narvaez went with the land group, but it didn't go so well. The land group wanted to go back to Mexico and ended up making five boats for 245 men, using anything they could find, like using their shirts as sails. On the way back to Mexico Narvaez drowned.
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80 survivors landed in Texas, and were then slaved by Indians.
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Fransisco Pizarro set sail for Peru and crossed the mountains to contact the ruler of the Ica empire of Peru, Atahualpo. The ruler came and was gauranteed full safety from Pizarro himself. The ruler came with 6,000 servants, and Pizarro and his army slaughtered all of them. Pizarro took Atahualpo prisoner. Atahualpo offered lots of gold and silver for a ransom. When Pizarro recieved the treasure he had Atahualpo killed.
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Francisco Pizarro found a new capital, Lima.
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Four survivors escaped the Indians and reached a Spanish outpost and were welcomed heroes.
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De Coronado hoping to find Cibola, a city full of gold, led an expidition that would go in the interior of the now United States. Before exploring the interior, Coronado sent a small scouting party on the tral north.
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De Soto landed at Tampa Bay with 600 men, looking for gold, he wandered through the south west for three years. He was the first European to see the Mississippi River.
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Corornado was ready to head north (interior of the now day United States). He left from the west coast of Mexico. He had 300 soldiers, hundreds of servants, 500 sheeps, 500 cattle, 600 mules, and 552 horses.
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The Pope was convinced by Las Casas about the bad treatment of the Indians. The Pope forced the King of Spain to make stricter rules on this issue, but it was too late. Most Indians were gone, due to cruel treatment and disease.
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De Soto died of a fever along the lower Mississippi River. His men buried him and made rafts, and floated down the river to the Gulf.
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Cabrillo set sail from Navidad, Mexico to San Diego Bay. He there camped on Catalina Island and he died there from a fall.
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After Kind Henry VIII death, Spain planned to return England to catholicism (King Henry VIII turned the whole country Protestant). Then Queen Elizabeth the First vowed to keep England Protestant.
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bhb
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A group of French colonists established Fort Caroline near present day Jackson, Florida.
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France went to Fort Caroline and a warship from Spain came. Pedro Menendez the commander asked if they were catholics or lutherans and the French said lutherans. Then Menendez said he was instructed to behead all lutherans, by the king. The French quickly moved out to sea, and Menendez gave up the chase. Then a very violent storm came and Menendez saw his choice and destroyed the fort, killed 142 men, but spared 50 women and children.
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Francis Drake and his ship were attacked by Spanish men, who were pretending to be friendly.
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Francis Drake sailed through the Straight of Magellan and up the coast of Peru.n He then sailed west across the Pacific Ocean and then to Europe and became the first Englishman to circle the globe.
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1600
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Queen Elizabeth kinghted Drake for his daring attacks against the Spanish.
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England's first colony began with the help of Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh claimed the land in between the 34 and 45 lines of parrell, nowday North Carolina to Maine, naming it Virginia. The colony was atRoanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina.
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In the summer of 1587, Roanoke needed supplies, and colonists believed white should make the trip back to England for supplies and he finally agreed to go back and he left in the summer.
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In the spring of 1587, John White set sail with his daughter, son-in-law, and more than 100 men, women and children coming to Roanoke Island. They came to invest money in the colony, and get 500 acres of land.
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White was going to go back to Roanoke with supplies, but every sailor was needed in England to fight the Spanish Armada.
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The Spanish Armada, a giant fleet of warship, sailed to England to fight against the attacks, and lost to the British.+
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The Morroccans of North Africa invade Songhai and eventually destroy the Songhai Empire.
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White finally came back to Roanoke but was shocked that he found no one there. The only clue was "CROATOAN" carved on a door. White assumed the settlers went with the Croatoan Indians, and he went to go find them but storms kept him from reaching the Croatoan and forced him to go back to England.
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The Asian Slave Trade, which was already small, ended with a royal ban.
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Champlain explored the Atlantic Coast from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River to nowday Massachusetts.
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The London investors began an expidition. They bought three ships and hired captains. The ships left in December 1606.
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The three boats the expidition the London investors created, entered the calm waters of a great bay. They named it Chesapeake Bay.
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Virginia was found.
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Champlain founded a fur trading post he named "Quebec". It was the first permenant French sttlement in North America.
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Spanish colonists of San Juan found a new town, Santa Fe. It became a rushing outpost of the rich colony of New Spain.
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The Dutch hire Henry Hudson to find a route to China. Hudson sailed west to North America. He came upon the nowday Hudson River, and sailed back to Europe.
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Seperatists, the Pilgrim religious group, moved from England to the city of Leiden in Holland, because Holland had the most religious tolerance in Europe.
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Hudson sailed back to North America. He ended up in Canada, and he reached the nowday Hudson River. All summer he looked ofr a northwest passage to asia. He camped all winter, and by spring him and his crew had just a little bit of food left. The crew forced Henry Hudson, his son, and some of his most loyal sailors into a small boat and was set adrift. Hudson was never heard from again.
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Dutch ships brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, where they became servants.
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In the fall of 1621, the Plymouth settlement celebrated the blessings of a good harvest by holding a three day celebration, the first Thanksgiving.
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Anthony Johnson, an African, arrived in Virginia and was sold to the highest bidder.
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Because the two groups were arguing over land, the Powhatan Indians killed one-third of Virginia's colonists before they were destroyed.
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New Amsterdam was founded and had included African indentured servants.
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The colonsits of Plymouth sent a cargo full of furs and lumber to England, sent by Thomas Mortan.
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The Massachusetts Bay Company had been given a royal charter to settle land in New England.
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A fleet of 11 ships carried 700 pssangers, 240 cows, and 60 horses. The fleet more than doubled the white populaton of New England.
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In Virginia tobacco sales had soared.
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Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore as a refuge for Catholics fleeing persectution in England.
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Harvard College was founded.
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Thomas Hooker and his congregation moved to Connecticut Valley.
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The Puritian Legislature, called the General Court, ordered Roger Williams shipped back to England. He left and went to Narragansett Bay with a small group of followers, he found a colony on the way back, that would become Rhode Island.
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Anne Hutchinson challenged the religious leaders in Massachusetts, and was banishe from the colony. She then left for Rhode Island called "Rogue Island" by people in Massachusetts.
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All the beavers in the Hudson Valley had been trapped.
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The Civil War started in England against the Puritans. Because of the war, colonization in the New World stopped for England.
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Governor of Virginia was William Berkeley.
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Dutch ships arrvied in New Amsterdam with a new governor, Peter Stuyvesant.
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Puritans win the English Civil War and then beheaded Charles I.
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England's policy was spelled out in new laws called Navigation Acts.
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Stuyvesant wasn't happy when 23 Jewish sttlers arrived. He let them stay and wrote to the Dutch West India Company asking what he should do. They said the Jews were to have the same rights as anyone else in New Netherland.
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Stuyvesant wanted to expand New Netherland, and attacked New Sweden.
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Charles II reclaimed his father's throne and colonization in the New World starts up again.
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Charles II granted the request of land between Spanish Florida and Virginia, called "Carolina", the feminine form of Charles.
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Charles II wanted the Dutch gone. His brother, Duke of York, appeared in New Amsterdam, and the colony surrendereed without a fight.
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In the winter of 1668, La Salle was the first French man to head south. La Salle took noted as the Seneca told him about their homeland, a great river called Ohio ran through this land they said.
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First settlers in Carolina built Charles Town, now day Charleston.
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The Iroquis trapprs were hauling to the trading post at Albany a million pounds of beaver skin a year.
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6% of southerners were black.
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Jacques Marquette, a missionary priest and fur trader, Louis Joliet set out to find the "great water" that emptied into an even bigger one, the Mississippi River.
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The Puritan colonies went to war with the New England Indians over land. It was called "King Phillip's War".
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The first major challenge to Englishmen authorityy came from Virginia.
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Louis XIV, King of France, granted La Salle's request of permission to explore the Mississippi for porposes of colonization.
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La Salle crosses the Great Lakes by boat.
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Pueblo warriors circled Santa Fe, demanding the Spanish to leave. The Pueblos cut of the water supply snd the Spanish left to El Paso.
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La Salle, the Indians, and the French colonists reached the Gulf of Mexico. At the mouth of the Mississippi River, La Salle claimed, "this country of Louisiana...in the name of the most high mighty.. Louis the Great, by grace of God, King of France."
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La Salle set out with 23 French colonists and 31 Indians. From Lake Michigan they portaged-carrying boats over land- to the Illinois River by dragging their canoes on sleds across the snow.
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The Duke of York founded Pennsylvania.
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La Salle set out from France to establish a hold on the Mississippi River.
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The King of France began persecuting the French Protestants known as Huguenots.
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La Salle set out with a small party by land to find the Mississippi. After he found out he over shot the mark, they ran out of food and had lost all but one ship. A group of his followers rebelled and killed La Salle north of the Brazos River in Texas.
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France began to wage war on the League (Iroquois).
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The king was making plans to return England to catholism.
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In Germantown, Philadelphia a group of Quakers used the bibical golden rule to condemn slavery and the slave trade.
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1689-1697 The Iroquois defended the English frontier against the French and their Indian allies.
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New rulers were forced to accept a bill of rights passed by parliment.
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The crown forced a new character on Massachusetts. The governor was choosen by the Crown, rather than elected by the church.
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Spanish retook Santa Fe from the Pueblo warriors.
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A believer in witchcraft, Mather, helped cause a panic in Massachusetts.
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Some African slaves escaped to the jungle and found Palmares. Attacked by the Portuguese, Palmares was undeafeted until 1697.
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The French king approved of settlement on the lower Mississippi River.
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Small committies of free blacks remained, but by 1700 slavery was strongly rooted in Southern Society.
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More than 20% of southerners were black.
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Shipbuilding and fishing had made Boston the largest and richest of the American colonial towns.
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1702-1713 Queen Anne's War
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England and Scotland merged to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
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In the spring of 1710, the "Four Kings", were Mohawk Indians from America. Their leader was Tiyanoga, known to the english as King Hendrick. They came to London because they had become part of the rivalry between France and England.
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Christopher Hussey was caught in a storm and driven far out into the Atlantic.
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Bienville began exploring the Mississippi Delta. He found an English ship full of colonists and they asked "is this the Mississippi River?" "No" Bienville lied. The English turned back. Bienville would oversee the building of more French settlements in southern Louisiana, including New Orleans.
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Off the Carolina coast, Blackbeard was captured and beheaded.
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Philadelphia had a dozen large shipyards.
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Tuscarora joined the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca in the League of Iroquois.
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The Crown of England takes over Carolina from it's property owners.
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In the 1730s New Yorks's governor was William Cosby.
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Georgia was found.
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One of the best lawyers America, Andrew Hamilton of Philidalphia defended Jhon Peter Zenger in his trial.
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A poem printed in 1736 called for equal laws, "more freedom give to womenkind, or give to mankind less."
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In 1720 there were only about 25% of New Englanders belonging to a church. In 1740 areligious movement "roared through the colonies like a sheet of flame."
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Eliza Lucas' dye (indigo) was judged to be of the best quality.
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1744-1748 King George's War
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James Oglethrope, founder of Georgia, set rules in Georgia like the amount of land each settler can have, outlawed trade with Indians, banned slavery, and alcohol. In 1750 the sttlers overturned the rules.
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French colonists numbered 80,000 compared to the one million English colonists.
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The region led the colonies in shipbuilding.
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George Washington had carried a message from Virginia's governor to the French saying they were on soil claimed by Virginia, and requested their "peaceful departure," the French refused.
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A 22 year old Virginian, gave a command to 132 soldiers to follow him out of Alexandra, Virginia. Their orders were to drive the French from the upper Ohio Valley, the young man was named George Washington.
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The French and the English were both building forts on the Iroquois' territory, but no one knew exactly where the boundaries were, so they had a meeting at Albany with the League of Iroquois.
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The French began to build Fort Carillon.
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General Edward Braddock tried to drive the French from the Ohio Valley, and ended up unsuccessful, and was shot and died.
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1756-1763, the Seven Years' War took place. Britain and France fought each other in Europe and in India as well as North America.
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William Pitt became Britain's secretary of state and the virtual prime minister.
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The British captured the important French fort, Louisbourg, near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.
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During the French and Indian war, Britain's James Abercromby attacked Fort Carillon with 12,000 men, but 3,000 French men threw back the British.
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The British under James Wolfe, sailed up the St. Lawrence River to Quebec, the head and heart of New France. 18,000 British soldiers faced the 14,000 French soldiers. For three months Wolfe sailed up and down the St. Lawrence River, and the French followed him on land. Finally a British soldier found a hidden path up to the plateau Quebec was mounted on. One September night, 4,000 British soldiers single filed up the path. The English won the Battle of Quebec.
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The British attacked Fort Carillon again, and the French withdrew and the British took the fort over, naming it "Fort Ticonderoga".
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The Seven Year War ended with the Treaty of Paris.
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A mission was found in San Diego.
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Sam Adams had written, "I wish we could arouse the continent." The Intolerable Acts of 1774 granted his wish.
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King George took the first choice, mastering the colonies.
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Rhode Island and Connecticut had restricted the slave trade in 1774.
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Delegates from the Committees of Correspondence gathereed in Philadelphia.
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A band of rowdy back woodsmen stormed Britain's fort, Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain.
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Kentucky had 100 white settlers.
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Thousands of pioneers settled south of the Ohio, in Kentucky, but few had moved north of the Ohio River.
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Patrick Henry delivered his most famous speech: "Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace, but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! OUr brethren are alreasy in the field! Why stand we here idle? ... I know not what what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"
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After the battles of Lexington and Concord, thousands of militiamen began gathering at Patriot headquarters near Boston.
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General Gage ordered his troops to Concord to destroy the Minutemen supplies.
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The Revolutionary War began.
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The Second COntinental Congress met in Philadelphia.
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George Washington and his officers left on horseback for Massachusetts,
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Congress set off to London, the Olive Branch Petition.
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The American Revolution Began.
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1776-1780 during the Revolutionary War each of the 13 colonies turned into a state.
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The Continental Congress had begun to work on a plan for a national government that would be a republic.
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A 46 page pamphlet jolted Americans out of their uncertainty, Common Sense was that pamphlet.
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The Decl;aration of INdependence had been signed.
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A Scottish economist, Adam Smith, publsihed his book, "Wealth of Nations".
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George Washington guessed that the British would reappear in New York City.
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Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, marched the British watched the British go, 170 ships carrying 9,000 soldiers.
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Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented the Continental Congress with several resolutions or proposals to be voted on.
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Continental Congress debates Lee's resolutions.
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Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
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On July 4 1776, the Declaration of Independence was made, breaking us away from the British. July 4 is now a national holiday to remember this.
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Birtain's General William Howe finally made his move.
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On Christmas Day. the Patriot troops rowed across the icy Delaware River to the New Jersey shore.
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With winters inactivly behind him, Howe set out to take Philadelphia.
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In the winter of 1777-1778, driven from Philadelphia by William Howe, Washington and his army spent the winter at Valley Forge.
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In the summer of 1777, Marquis de Lafayette had volunteered with Washington's men.
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Britain had more than 100 warships off the American Coast.
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Vermont banned slavery in it's constitution.
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France recognized America's independence and forged an alliance with the new nation.
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In sprign 1778, Von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge.
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George Rodgers Clark traveled down the Ohio Rievr with 175 Virginians.
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Biritish forces sailed from New York and captured the port of Savannah, Georgia.
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12 states had ratiied (approved) the Articles.
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1779-1780 General Bernando de Galvez, the spanish governor of Louisiana. captured the British strongholds of Natchez ans Batron Kouge in the the lower Mississippi Valley.
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Patrolling along the east coast of England, Jone's three vessels approached a convoy of trading ships guarded by two ships guarded by two British warships.
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Patrolling along the east coast of England, Jone's three vessels approached a convoy of trading ships guarded by two British warships.
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Clark and his men set out from Kaskaskia.
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Washington put a new general, Nathaneal Greene, in charge of the southern army.
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The numbers of settlers in Kentucky increased to about 20,000.
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Benedict Arnold turned traitor, and joined the British.
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The British capturerd a second major port, Charleston , South Carolina.
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The idea of putting a steam engine on a boat had been around since the 1780s.
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Facing veteran British troops at Camden, Baron de Kalb's force of Americans paniced and ran.
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At the Battle of Kings Mountain, fought on the borders between the Caarolinas, a Patriot force of frontier guerrillas slaughtered most of a British Force of over a thousand men.
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From the lower Mississippi Valley, Bernardo wwent on to take Mobile, and Pensacola in west Florida.
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Lawmakers banned paper money, forcing people to pay debt and taxes in gold and silver.
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7 months before the victory of Yorktown, Maryland ratified the Articles of Confederation.
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Cornwallis surrendered his army of 8,000.
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American negotiators began meeting with British officials to work out a peace treaty.
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The Treaty of Paris was established.
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George Washington appointed John Jay, the lawyer who had negotiated the Treaty of Paris, as Chief Justice.
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Under tjhe Treaty of Paris, most of the land between the Appalachians and the Mississippi, belonged to the United States.
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Several hundreds of soldiers surrounded the state house in Philadelphia, whee members of Congress were meeting.
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Over 8 years after the battles of Lexingtyon and Concord, the last British troops sailed from New York City.
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Congress passed an Orinance calling for the land to be serveyed.
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Daniel Shays and several hundred followers marched to Springfield, Illinoiw, in the western part of the state.
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The Northwest territory passed the Northwest Ordinance.
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Few delegates disagreed with Edmund Randulph that the nation was in danger.
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In 1776 many of the delegates had thought that the government had to rely on the goodness of people, but in 1787, events had changed their mind.
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The convention to review the articles of confederation would begin in Philadelphia.
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The delgates gathered one last time, and of the 42, 39 signed the U.S. Constitution.
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In 1787 the Constitution was made, statrting with the famous line, "We the People..."
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The United States owed more than 52 million dollars.
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The french people had launched their own revolution, demanding liberty and equality.
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Alexander Hamilton presented a financial plan to Congress.
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Samuel Slater built a small spinning mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
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Congrss made the first 10 additions to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights.
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The first bank of the United State shad been established.
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The French Revolution causes the colony's slaves to rebell.
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Alexander Hamilton had convinced Congress to charteer the Bank of the United States for 20 years.
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Captain Robert Gray entered amd explored the mouth of the great river that now devides the states of Washington and Oregon.
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Spain, Great Britain and Indian were all struggling with Americans.
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The French Revolution had grown bloody.
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Jefferson had become fed up with the constant clashes with Hamilton;
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George Washington had been re-elected president.
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The great explorer Alexander Mackenzie became the first white man to cross North America and reach the Pacific Ocean.
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Samuel Slater found investors willing to back construction of a much larger spinning factory. He opened it in 1793.
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Eli Whitney made a cotton gin that picked up the cotton fibers and left the seeds behind.
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Richard Allen started a Methodist church for African Americans.
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Learing that the war drums were beating that summer, Washington ordered Anthony Wayne to march toward Fort Miami.
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George Washington had another problem. The tax on Whiskey, which was part of Alexander Hamilton's plan. It made many frontier farmers angry.
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In the fall of 1794, George Washington himself, with Hamilton at his side, led an army of 3,000 soldiers into western Pennsylvania.
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George Washington asked Congess to start a navy and to buy a warship.
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John Jay's Treaty was signed.
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The indian people of the northwest territory had continued to loose their land.
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Jay's Treaty was followed by Pinckney's Treaty with Spain. It was negotiated by Thomas Pinckney.
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In summer of 1796 George Washington publsihed his Farewell Address, stating he would not run again for president.
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Relations between Fance and United Stated were tense.
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when the votes of the Electoral College were counted John Adams recieved 71 to Thomas Jefferson who got 68. Adams became president, and Jefferson the vice resident.
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To silence Republican critics, the Federalsim Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Congress canceled all treaties with France.
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1798-1799 The Kentucky and Viriginia legislatures passed resolutions (statements) written by Jefferson and Madison.
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The US government neede guns for it's army so they hired Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets in 2 years.
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The Adams moved to the newly built capital city, Washington D.C.
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The elcetion of 1800 was a contest between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
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Whitney had spent two years making machines that made parts that were exactly alike.
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In the mid 1800s the North and South had seperate economic systems and cultures. Northern cities were growing rapidly as a result of industry and immigration.
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Toussanit L'ouverture ruled the whole island of Hispaniola.
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In Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in August, more than 10,000 people gathered there camping in the woods and met to hear sermons and sing religious songs. It was part of the Second Great Awakening, a revival of religious faith in the 1800s.
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Ohio enters the Union.
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U.S. made the Louisiana Purchase for 15 million dollars.
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Lewis and Clark set out.
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St. Louis was just an outpost with 180 houses.
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France and Britain were at war.
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Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him.
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aaron Burr was running for Vice President as the republican candidate, but got 73 votes, the same as THomas Jefferson who was running for president. This was solved when they amde the 12th amendment, it called for there to be seperate ballots for president and vice president.
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Thomas Jefferson had become the third president.
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Burr challenged Hmilton toa duel, and killed him.
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Jefferson could not ignore the French and British attacks, the Americans were getting mad.
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American Flag was raised over St. Louis.
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Lewis and Clark's Expiditon was on it's way.
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After spending the winter in the Mandan villages, Lewis and Clark set out again.
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Two years after Lewis and clark set out, another expidition led by an army, Zebulon Pike, left St. Louis.
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The Americans that were taken to Mexico were released.
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The Embargo Act was peassed, and it banned U.S. ships from sailing to any foreign port.
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Robert Fulton invented a steam-powered boat, he designed the Clermont. People said it wouldn't work. In 1807 he put Clermont on the Hudson river, it made the 300 mile trip in 62 hours.
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James Madison was elected president.
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The Embargo Act became a major issue in the election.
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Congress repealed the Embago Act.
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William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, persuaded some indians to sign a treaty selling land in teh heart of the Indian Territory.
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Washington Irving became popular in 1809 with a spoof of New York history and politics known as "A History of New York."
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Miguel Hidalgo, priest in Dolores, Mexico, protested against the Spanish's method of mercantilism.
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The New Orleans became the first steamship to travel down the Ohio and Mississippi
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450 slaves gathered after a plantation revolt. The US army and the Louisiana miitia attacked the group and killed 66 on the spot.
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The Shawnee and the forces under Harrison fought in central Indiana.
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1812-1814 The War of 1812 had two parts. The first part, Britain was still tied up with France.
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Russian trading posts reached almost as far as south as San Fransisco.
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Cotton made up one-third of all exports from the US in 1812, and made up half by 1830.
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About 80 miles north of San Fransisco, Russia built a settlement, "Rossiya" for the fur catchers, later called Fort Ross.
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Urged on by the war of Hawks, Congress declared war on Britain.
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Lowell moved the textile industry a giant step forward in 1813. He built a factory in Walthan, Massachusetts.
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The small British fleet on the lake set out to destory American fleets.
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At the Battle of the Thames, William Henry Harrison defeated the British and their Indian allies.
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The second part of the war began after the British defeated Nepolean.
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British ships sailed into Chesapeake Bay and left troops on the Maryland Shore.
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The British sent a force from Canada across Lake Champlain.
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Dozens of ships carrying 7,500 British troops were approaching Louisiana.
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Neither side of New Orleans knew that the Treaty of Ghent, a peace treaty between Britain and the United States, had been signed two weeks earlier.
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Britihs attacked in crisp formation.
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Americans had fought what some called a "second war of independence".
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Republicans swept to an easy victory, James Monroe, Madison's Secratary of State, was elected president.
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Congress passed tarriffs as part of the american system.
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The Rush-Bagot Treaty limited each sides naval forces on the Great Lakes.
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General Andrew Jackson was ordered to crush the seminole.
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Jackson offered the Cherokee Indians a choice, they could move west of the Mississippi River, or they could settle down on 640 acres of land, they chose the land.
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Thomas H. Gallaudet started the firsT american school for deaf children.
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Britain and the US agreed to occupy Oregon Country together. (Since 1790s both claimed the territory.)
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In the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain gave the Floridas to the United States.
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The new White House was rebuilt, due to the British burning it down in the War of 1812.
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Long also also tried to find the Red River(just like Zebulon Pike had in 1805).
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1820-1830 New York City's population swelled froom less than 125,000 to more than 200,000.
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The Missouri Compromise was passed by Congress in 1820.
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Canada had the region firmly under their control.
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Compromise of 1820 said slavery couldn't continue in the Lousiana Territory south of parallel 36* 30'.
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Boston set up the first high school.
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Before the Mexican indipendence, Moses Austin asked to settle In texas. spain gave him a large land grant, but Austin died. Stephen Austin, his son, fulfilled his father's dreams and led the first group of Americans to the Austin grant.
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Texas had about 4,000 Tejanos, Mexicans, living in Texas.
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Agustin de Iturbide had a lot of support from Mexicans, enough that Spain gave in.
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Mexico was independent from Spain, Iturbide made himself emporer.
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St. Louis was a rough settlement on the edge of the frontier.
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To deal with the concerns about the Russian colonies, President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctine.
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Jedediah Smith led a party of hunters to western Wyoming and found the South Pass.
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William Becknell became the first western trader to carry his goods in Conestoga wagon.
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1825-1850 so many canals were built, that it was knwn as the Canal Era.
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When the Erie Canal was finsihed, Jefferson called DeWitt Clinton, the canal's designer, "the greatest man in America."
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John Russwurn was one of the first black college graduates.
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The Cherokee adopted a constitution for a Cherokee Republic.
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New York abolishes slavery.
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Smith went to California but was jailed by Mexicans who were suspicious of him and his party,
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All eyes were on the coming rematch between Jackson and Adams, Jackson won the election.
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Smith was released prisoner, and headed north to Oregon. Along the way most of the party were killed by Umpqua Indians. Smith and others finally reached Fort Vancouver on the Colombia River.
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Jackson was swron in as president.
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Mexican governmnet ended slavery.
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A steam powered locomotive, Tom Thumb, raced a horse, lost, but railroad supporters didn't give up.
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In 1830 there were 30 miles of railroad tracks in the US, in 1840 there were 2,800 miles of railroad tracks in the US, in 1850 there were 9,000 miles of railroad track in the US.
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In the 1830s trains were introduced.
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Congress passed the Indian Removal Acts.
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Texas laws banned American immigration and placed tariffs on American goods.
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The population of Texas was 30,000.
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Nat Turner led a slave rebellion, he led 60 slaves. They attacked and killed 55 white men, women, and children.
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1831 and 1832- the major parties held narional conventions to choose candidates.
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William lloyd Garrison started paper in boston to urge the abolition of slavert, called the Liberator.
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Teaching a slave ow to read had been illegal since 1831.
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Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee, who appealed to the Supreme Court when Georgia decided to take over their land.
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A Sauk chief named Black Hawk, tried to lead his people back to their homes. The US army and Illinois militia quickly crushed the uprising.
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Congress voted to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States.
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The bank veto Jackson made was not only the first veto, but was a major issue in 1832.
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Sam Houston moved to Texas to practice law.
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congress lowered terriffs
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Congress passed a compromise tariff.
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There were 3 times as many newspapers in America than in England.
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Mexican Congress ordered the missions to turn over half their Lands to the indians.
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The first white migrants to cross the continent to Oregon were Methodist missionaries.
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John Sutter, a bankrupt shopkeeper from Switzerland set out to America.
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Santa Anna became Mexico's dictator, he ruled without any regards to law or people's rights.
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Marshall would serve as chief justice until his death in 1835.
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The Seminole Indians refused to leave their land in Florida.
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Santa Anna and his troops attacked San Antonio.
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Martin Van Buren, a Jacksonian Democrat, was elected president.
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The Second Bank of the United State's charter ran out.
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In Lowell, Massachusetts, young women started a group called the Factory Girls' Association.
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The first women's college, Wesleyan College, opened in Georgia.
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texas asked to be added to the Union, Congress refused, and Texas remained an independent repbulic for almost 10 more years.
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Santa Anna's force had camped near the San Jacinto River, which flowed into Galveston Bay.
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Texas raised a flag with a single star, that's when they got the nickname "Lone Star Republic".
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John Deeredesigned a steel plow that saved time and labor. By the late 1850s he made more than 10,000 steel plows a year.
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An American general called a truce to discuss peace with Osceola (a chief who led the Seminole fight against relocation) and trapped him.
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The Panic of 1837 took place after Martin Van Buren, took office when all the banks collapsed. This was one of the first Depressions in American History.
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Almost 90% of factories closed.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a speech, and he urged American scholars to free themselves from their European roots, and develope their own thinking.
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The Cherokee, not all of them, moved west, on the Trail of Tears, and 1/4 of them died on the trail.
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John Sutter set out to California after St. Louis and Santa Fe.
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A new political party called the Whigs rose.
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President Van Buren put in a 10 hour work day for all public workers.
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More than 2,000 anti-slavery groups streched across the North.
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Thousands of Irish and German immigrants landed on American shores. Most stayed in the north.
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The census of 1841 in Ireland reported that half the rural people lived in one house, window less, mud cabins.
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Dorothea Dix discovered the poor treatment of the mentally ill, and asked to improve their care for the mentally ill, and because of her tireless efforts, 32 new hospitals were built.
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Russia sold Fort Ross to John Sutter (American).
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500,000 pledges had been signed saying htey woulld never drink alcohol again, due to the problems caused by alcohol in the US.
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Many people migrated to Oregon using the Oregon Trail. They started in Independence, Missouri, crossed Platte River, continued through the South Passage into now day northeast Utah, then split into California Trail or Oregon Trail, north and west to the Colombia River.
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Disease attacks the potato crop, famine and death came to Ireland.
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David Thoreau moved into a cabin on the shores oF walden Pond in Massachusetts because he believed in living simply and in harmony with nature.
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Emigrant's Guide, told them to get a stong covered wagon, and a animal (oxen), spare parts, heavy rope, grease buckets, each adult take 200 pounds of flour, 150 pounds of bacon, 10 pounds of coffee, 20 pounds sugar, and 10 pounds of salt.
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Maine passed a law banning the sale of liqour.
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Stephen Kearny's troops joined the Americans rebelling against Mexican rule.
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The north had more power in the House of Representatives because of their growing population, so the south extendd slavery territory so there would be an equal amount of free and slave states.
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President Polk wanted to obtain California from Mexico.
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General Taylor (American) moves south from Texas defeating Santa Anna's troops at Buena Vista.
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A German-Jew immigrant, Levi Strauss, opened a company in San Fransisco, who were the first to make blue jeans.
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General Winfield Scott's troops went to a fortress, Chapultepec, and won.
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A worker for sutter found gold at Sutter's Mill.
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The Mexican War ended with the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo.
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Pennsylvanian congress member said to make a law that any landed gained from Mexico coildn't have slavery, but the law never passed the Senate. Then some northerners fromed the Free-Soil Party.
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Free-Soil Party won 13 seats in COngress in the election of 1848.
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The Mexican War ended.
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California Gold Rush started, crowds of people went to John Sutter's land.
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Baltimore, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia's population was 1/4 irish.
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A U.S. newspaper said, "Water power, steam power, and Irish power, the last works hardest of all."
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Many northern states had elementary schools paid by public taxes.
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Herman Melville publsihed Moby Dick, a book considered by many one of the greatest American novels of all time.
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North had more wealth, factories, more and bigger cities, and more people than the south.
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Conpromise of 1850 was passed.
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Harriet Beechr Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin, about a slave. It sold 300,000 copies the first year.
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Mexico sold to the US a strip of land which is now southern New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million dollars, known as the Gadsden Purchase.
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1.25 million irish people emigrate to the United States.
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Thoreau published a book called Walden about his life and nature around him.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, adding Kansas and Nebraska to the United States.
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Northeners banded together to amke the Republican Party (the same one that exists today) the goal they had was to keep slavery out of the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
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In the Congressional Electon of 1854, Republicans defeated 35 of the 42 northern Democrats who voted for the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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Kansas had two governments, an official pro-slavery government, and an unofficial anit-slavery government.
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A proslavery group attacked Lawrence, Kansas, burning homes and stores, killing several people.
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Harriet Tubman rescued her parents from slavery.
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Dred Scott case took place.
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Brown and 18 followers attacked the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry in western Virginia.
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Nearly four million african americans were laboring as slaves.
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New York passed the first law giving married women rights to their own land and wages.
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In the election of 1860, the North's main contenders were Lincoln and Douglas, in the south was Breckingridge and Bell, Lincoln was against slavery and Breckingridge was against.
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South Carolina seceded from the Union, so when Lincoln took office, they could keep slavery.
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President Buchanan had sent a ship carrying men and supplies to Fort Sumter, but was fired upon by South Carolina gunners.
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The states that seceded from the Union (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana) formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America.
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Kansas entered the Union as a free state.
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Susan B. Anthony tried to vote in the presidential election of 1872, and was arrested and fined.
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The court decided that seperate treatment for black and white citizens was constitutional.
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There were more Irish in America then there were in Ireland.
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United States enters World War 2 after the attack on Peral Harbor.
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World War 2 ends when US drops two bombs in Japan and Japan surrenders, and the Allies win.
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Cold War begins between United States and Russia
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The Supreme Court declared that making white and black children go to seperate schools was wrong.
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United States helps Afghanistan using Osama Bin Laden
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USSR breaks apart and becomes Russia. Taliban and Al Qaeda gain power in Afghanistan.
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Al Qeada and Osama Bin Laden attempt to destroy the World Trade Center by driving vans with bombs inside the underground parking lot.
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Ben Nighthorse Campell became the first American Indian to serve in the Senate since 1929.
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Al Qeada attacks the United States by hijacking airplanes and using them as missiles. Targets were the Twin Towers, the Pentagon, and Flight 93 crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
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USA and allies attack Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. USA creates Homeland Security.
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United States attack Al Qeada in Iraq.
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United States locates and kills Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan.
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United States forces leave Iraq.
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Juan Ponce de Leon led the firs explortio to Pueto Rico. He found gold.
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Inn the summer of 1796 Washignton published hsi Farewell Address, stating he would not run again for president;
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Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented the Continental Congress with several resolutions or proposals to be voted on.
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The small British fleet on the lake set outto destroy the American fleet.
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Next December United States forces are scheduled to leave Afghanistan.
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In about 3000 BC people in Central Mexico begin to sow the seeds of wild corn.
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One part of the savna region began drying up, and is now known as the Sahara Desert.
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Rising sea levels cover up Beringia, and ends the Ice Age.
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clovis people thrived in North America.
