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United States of America v. State of Texas
Caused the Civil Action 5281- Which eliminated the discrimination on grounds of national origin, race, and color in Texas schools -
Serna v. Portales
Ordered Portales Municipal Schools to have a bilingual and bicultural program with bilingual faculty -
Cintron v. Brentwood
New York school that was was trying to propose that ELL be separated in elective courses from english speaking students. They were shut down and were required to add that exiting students must have a basis for speaking english upon their exit. -
Rios v. Reed
Denying a childs rights to learn a language other than english like that of a home language isn't right. Student will learn more through reenforcing home language. -
Castaneda v. Pickard
Set basic standards to determine district competence in ELL
1. they must choose a good program.
2. schools must try to do the program. required text, employees etc.
3. if the program fails find another you can't keep going with it. -
United States v. Texas
Phase in Mandatory k-12 Bilingual education
1. three year monitoring cycles
2. identification of LEP students
3. a language survey for students entering school
4.established the need for exit criteria. -
United States v. Texas
Reverses decision due to 1981 state bills -
Keyes v. School District #1
DPS fails to implement plan and fails #2 of Castaneda -
Gomez v. Illinois
Ensure needs of ELL minorities are being met required under EEOA -
NCLBA- No Child Left Behind Act
Provided a carrot and stick mentality (more stick than carrot). By giving grants for schools who do well or penalties for government grant funds for failure to comply.
