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Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau. Garfield survived for 79 days after the shooting. His Vice President, Chester A. Arthur became president.
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After Garfield was shot, his assailant said "I am a Stalwart, and Arthur is now President". The assassination brought to the fore-front the issues with a Republican Party split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds.
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The Spanish-American War was a conflict that forever changed U.S. position in global affairs. The War was fought in Cuba, and became a stage for American shows of force. Theodore Roosevelt gained his fame at the battle of San Juan Hill.
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The Philippine-American War was a conflict sparked in the wake of the Spanish-American War. It served as another U.S. show of power, and in many ways it forever changed our foreign policy. Many began thinking of the U.S. as a policing nation, taking issue with foreign affairs both for its own gain and for the spread of democracy.