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Nov 21, 1500
First Occupants
The influence of ideas on cultural expression: Forms of cultural expression are essentially the expression of ideas. They are influenced by spirituality, social relationships, respect for nature, and communications and exchange. -
French Regime
The influence of ideas on cultural expression: Forms of cultural expression are essentially expressions of different ideas. They were influenced by the Divine Right of kings, Catholicism, and by the independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens. -
Catholicism
The influence of Catholicism on culture. Very Powerful – Did what the church wanted or you were excommunicated. -
Royal Government
Jean-Baptiste and King Louis decided to implement the royal government.
1. The Kings oversees cultural events.
2. The King exercises control over the Church. -
British Rule
The influence of ideas on cultural expression: Cultural activities are the expression of ideas. They are influenced by currents of thought like liberalism, ultramontanism, anticlericalism and imperialism. -
Liberalism
A political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavour, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.
-Diffusion of liberal ideas by means of newspapers.
-Development of parliamentarism (the system of parliamentary government)
-Reflection of liberal ideas in architecture. -
Ultramonatism
The policy of the party in the Roman Catholic Church that favours increasing and enhancing the power and authority of the pope. -Advocating of absolute obedience to the Catholic religion.
-Church seeks to increase and extend its influence in all spheres of life. Social, political, cultural, etc -
Imperialism
The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
90% Nationalist loyal to Canada: this also applies to French Canadians loyal to QC
-Architectural influence.
-Parliamentary political organization. -
Anticlericalism
Opposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs.
-In opposition to ultramontanism.
-Advocating of the separation of church and state. What we have today
Promotion of a more democratic regime. -
McGill University
Protestant University -
Bishops University
Protestant Univeristy -
Laval University
Controlling Education at the time. -
Contemporary Period
The influence of ideas on cultural expression: Cultural expressions are essentially expressions of ideas. They are influenced by imperialism, capitalism, socialism, agriculture, nationalism, secularism, the cooperative movement, fascism, Americanism, neoliberalism, Aborginalism. -
Cooperatism
Co-ops
-Birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration (American Unions like the Knights of Labor, the Caisses populaires, Catholic Union of Cultivators). -
Faiscism
The idea that a dictator (single person) should control the entire country. They normally rule threw the use of propaganda/force. This was adopted in Spain and Italy, but brought to an extreme in Germany by the Nazi’s lead by Adolf Hitler.
Small-scale dissemination of fascist ideas from Europe (Adrien Arcand, journalist and head of the Parti National social chrétien [Christian National Socialist Party] spreads his ideas in newspapers). -
Imperialism
The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
-Spread of the British ideas (imperialists) in newspapers and stories.
-Founding of the newspaper Le Devoir to protest against imperialism. -
Socialism
A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
-Questioning the spread of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. -
Agriculturalism
Push to support farmers/farming (Maurice Duplessis)
-Valorisation of rural, community et parish life in novels (Un homme et son péché, Maria Chapdeleine, Le Survenant, Menaud, Maître Draveur, etc.)
-Creation of community groups such as Le Cercle des fermières and spread of their ideas in a magazine.
-Co-op -
Nationalism
A devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations
-Britain exercised imperialism by controlling a vast number of colonies all over the world. Along with the other world super powers they built massive empires. Britain expected its colonies to obey and follow it’s commands, this wasn’t always the case.
-In Canada some people wanted to follow Britain some did not. -
Laicism
The nonclerical, or secular, control of political and social institutions in a society. -
Feminism
Denunciation of the role of the Church in the oppression of women and of inequality with men. Claim for the same rights as men through plays (Les fées ont soif), in feminist magazines, by feminist artists (Pauline Julien, etc.). -
Americanism
-Emergence of American cultural trends: dance (charleston), music (jazz) and spread of American culture through films, radio and télévision.
-To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditional Catholic culture through music (la bonne chanson), media and education.
-Influence of American culture through the media. -
Neo-liberalism
New wave of liberalism…hands off gov’t
-Advocating the removal of the state in various spheres of society.
-Active opposition to socialist groups wanting to maintain intervention of the state. -
Aboriginalism
Claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture (writings, language, music, éducation, etc). -
Capitalism
An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production,distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
-Construction of buildings (homes, corporate head offices) by capitalists who form part of our architectural heritage.
-Diffusion of capitalist ideas (principles of private property) through the mainstream press owned by businessmen. -
Women obtain the right to vote in Federal election
WWI – open things up for women. All the men were at war…women started working in factories and saw services as nurses. -
Oka Crisis
In the summer of 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, however the issues remained.
