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Oct 28, 1500
Forms of expression or cultural manifestations of the First Occupants
- Spirituality
Shamanism - Priest/medicine man
Myths and legends
Dream catchers - Social relationships
Respect for elders
Traditions
Freedom of actions – no written laws, no private property - Nature
Animalism – respects nature…all living things have souls
Circle of life - Communication and exchange
Oral traditions
Song and dance
Ceremonies
- Spirituality
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The influence of ideas on cultural expression
Forms of cultural expression are mainly expressions of different ideas. They were influenced by the Divine Right of kings, Catholicism, and by the independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens. -
The Divine Right of Kings
The effect of the views of the Divine Right of Kings on the ideas and culture under the French Regime. King had total power. Louis14 got control in Europe but NF was still suffering. Economy & population wasn’t spreading and always attacked by Iroquois. King reaction = 1200amazing soldiers sent.Old system = companies who had a monopoly were almost destroying New France. King ended monopoly and placed NF under the Minister of Marine. Louis and Jean-Baptiste put in place a Royal Government. -
Catholicism
Where very Powerful, would do what church wanted or you were shunned. -
The independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens
NF-Settlers = happy but it was work.NF not developing = settlers self-dependent. France = some very rich but a lot of poor. NF people = Canadien. Elite = rich, Bourgeoisie = seigneurs, Habitant = poor. Far from France = less control. Contact with the aboriginals.Development of an independent spirit and a sense of freedom.No police = did what they wanted.Many worked with or lived with natives -
Religion in New France
The Clergy was everywhere: Priests in charge of parishes (cure), Priests working as missionaries, Nuns working in hospitals, Charities to raise money for the church, Nuns working in schools, Potential priests were trained in a seminary. Only the brightest of boys were sent there. Marguerite Bourgeoys was Involved with the church and education Money to make all this happen came from the church tax called the tithe -
Aboriginalism
Claims for ancestral rights and recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture. -
Neoliberalism
New wave of liberalism hands off government -
French-Canadian Nationalism
Nationalism: Did not want to support Britian, wanted to protect French interests (language, education, rights) views spread via newspapers (Le Devoir, Henri Bourassa -
Laicism
The bishops=more powerful,the cures=most important person in the parish.Church=in charge of registering births,marriages,deaths.Controlling education.Orphanages, Shelters, Charities...R.C. Church attendance=very high.Protestants=divided.Ministers=influential but not as powerful as R.C.Development of new style of artistic creation=closely represented real life+distanced itself from a more set style forced by the Church.The nonclerical,secular control of political+social institutions in society -
Anticlericalism
Opposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs. Advocating of the separation of church and state -
Ultramontanism
policy of the party in the Roman Catholic Church that favours increasing and enhancing the power and authority of the pope -
English-Canadian Nationalism
Liked the English way, (language, politics) wanted to support Britain but wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Agriculturism
Push to support farmers/farming Valorisation of rural, community et parish life in novels Creation of community groups such as Le Cercle des fermières and spread of their ideas in a magazine. -
Americanism
Emergence of American cultural trends: dance (charleston), music (jazz) and spread of American culture through films, radio and télévision. To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditional Catholic culture through music (la bonne chanson), media and education. Influence of American culture through the media. -
Nationalismes
You are in support of your own nation. Opposite of imperialism. in its broadest sense, is a devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations. Britain exercised imperialism by controlling a vast number of colonies all over the world. Along with the other world super powers they built massive empires. Britain expected its colonies to obey and follow it’s commands, this wasn’t always the case.In Canada some people wanted to follow Britain some did not. To present day -
Capitalism
an economic system = investment in + ownership of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations. Construction of buildings (homes, corporate head offices) by capitalists who form part of our architectural heritage. Diffusion of capitalist ideas (principles of private property) through the mainstream press owned by businessmen. Appearance of literary works that depict economic disparities. -
Imperialism
the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies. Spread of the British ideas (imperialists) in newspapers and stories. Founding of the newspaper Le Devoir to protest against imperialism. From 1867 to present day -
Contemporary Period
The influence of ideas on cultural expression: Cultural expressions are essentially expressions of ideas. They are influenced by imperialism, capitalism, socialism, agriculture, nationalism, secularism, the cooperative movement, fascism, Americanism, neoliberalism, Aborginalism. -
Feminism : Role of women
Women=hard life, married young,had a lot of children, 10+,did what husband said,Long work days,often did the worst jobs,had few rights(no vote), little education.One escape=nun.WWI open things up.All the men were at war.women started working in factories and as nurses.Results,women got the right to vote in Federal election
Denunciation of the role of the Church in the oppression of women and of inequality with men. Claim for the same rights as men through plays -
Fascism
The idea that a dictator (single person) should control the entire country. They normally rule threw the use of propaganda/force. This was adopted in Spain and Italy, but brought to an extreme in Germany by the Nazi’s lead by Adolf Hitler.
Small-scale dissemination of fascist ideas from Europe (Adrien Arcand, journalist and head of the Parti National social chrétien -
Cooperatism
Birth of different groups who favoured equality and collaboration -
Socialism
a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole. Questioning the spread of capitalism through labour movements, student movements and in independent magazines. From 1867 to present day -
Neo-nationalism
new wave of nationalism spread by the artists -
Native Issues
Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand it's 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation.
The Oka crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict, the issues remained. The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues.
